TACHS Reading Quiz
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The James Webb Space Telescope's observations of the galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 have provided unprecedented insights into early universe formation. Located 4.6 billion light-years from Earth, this massive galaxy cluster acts as a gravitational lens, magnifying light from more distant galaxies behind it. Dr. Maria Rodriguez's analysis of the Webb data has identified 847 individual galaxies within the cluster's field of view, including 23 galaxies that existed when the universe was less than 800 million years old. The most distant galaxy detected, designated SMACS-0723-z13, formed approximately 400 million years after the Big Bang and appears as it was 13.4 billion years ago. This galaxy exhibits a redshift value of z=13.1, indicating it is receding from us at 97.8% of the speed of light due to cosmic expansion. Webb's infrared capabilities have also revealed that early galaxies were forming stars at rates 10 times higher than similar-mass galaxies today. The cluster itself contains approximately 2,300 member galaxies and has a total mass equivalent to 460 trillion suns, making it one of the most massive structures observed in the early universe. The gravitational lensing effect magnifies background galaxies by factors ranging from 2x to 30x, allowing astronomers to study objects that would otherwise be too faint to detect.
According to Dr. Rodriguez's analysis, how many galaxies existed when the universe was less than 800 million years old were identified in the SMACS 0723 field of view?
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