Statistics and Probability Quiz
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A company randomly assigned 70 employees to two email-subject-line styles for an internal newsletter: Treatment A (question-style subject lines) and Treatment B (statement-style subject lines), 35 employees per group. The outcome was the time (in seconds) to open the email after it was sent.
Results: Treatment A mean open time = 52 s, Treatment B mean open time = 55 s. Observed difference in means (A − B) = −3 s.
To test whether Treatment A leads to faster opening times, the company conducted a randomization test by shuffling the treatment labels 2,000 times and recomputing (A − B). In the simulation, 1,540 of the 2,000 shuffled differences were at most −3 s (i.e., as negative as observed).
Which conclusion is most reasonable about the treatment effect?
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