- Which of the following sentences, if added to the beginning of the second paragraph (before sentence 5), would best introduce a counterclaim?
Answer: Nevertheless, opponents of a ban argue that it places an unfair burden on low-income shoppers and that plastic bags are more hygienic for certain purchases.
When you encounter questions about argument structure, you need to identify how different types of claims function within a passage. A counterclaim specifically presents an opposing viewpoint to the author's main argument, acknowledging what critics or opponents might say.
The passage argues strongly for banning single-use plastic bags, presenting environmental evidence in the first paragraph. The second paragraph begins to discuss implementation, so a counterclaim here would introduce opposition arguments before addressing them.
Choice A correctly introduces a counterclaim by explicitly stating "opponents of a ban argue" and presenting two specific objections: the burden on low-income shoppers and hygiene concerns. This directly opposes the author's pro-ban position while using clear counterclaim language.
Choice B discusses environmental concerns about reusable bag production, but this isn't framed as an opposing argument—it's just additional environmental information that could actually support either side. Choice C talks about revenue from paper bag fees, which is more of a side benefit than an opposing argument to plastic bag bans. Choice D describes public awareness campaigns, which would actually support the author's position rather than oppose it.
Remember that counterclaims use specific signal language like "opponents argue," "critics claim," or "however, some believe." They present the other side's perspective before the author typically refutes or addresses those concerns. Look for this oppositional framing rather than just any contrasting information.
- Which of the following sentences should be added before sentence 6 to introduce a counterclaim?
Answer: Nevertheless, there are significant public concerns regarding the noise pollution, safety risks, and potential for privacy invasion that a sky full of delivery drones might create.
When you encounter questions about argument structure, focus on identifying how different sentences function within the overall reasoning. This passage presents a strongly positive argument about drone delivery services, listing multiple benefits without acknowledging any drawbacks.
The question asks for a sentence that introduces a "counterclaim" - this means an opposing viewpoint or potential problem that challenges the main argument. Looking at where this sentence would go (before the concluding sentence 6), you need something that presents the other side of the debate.
Choice A is correct because it directly introduces opposing concerns with the transition word "Nevertheless" and lists specific problems: noise pollution, safety risks, and privacy invasion. This creates a balanced argument structure by acknowledging counterarguments before the conclusion.
Choice B is wrong because it provides another benefit of drone technology (emergency medical delivery), which supports rather than counters the main argument. Choice C is also supportive - it describes how companies are solving potential problems, which reinforces the positive case for drones. Choice D similarly supports the argument by explaining how drones benefit small businesses.
The key trap here is that choices B, C, and D all relate to drone delivery but don't actually oppose the argument - they either add more support or describe solutions to potential problems.
For SHSAT questions about argument structure, always identify whether a sentence supports, opposes, or provides neutral information about the main claim. Look for transition words like "however," "nevertheless," or "despite" that often signal counterarguments.
- Which of the following sentences, if added before sentence 7, would best introduce a counterclaim?
Answer: However, critics worry that an overemphasis on winning can lead to excessive pressure, burnout, and emotional distress for young athletes.
When you encounter questions about introducing a counterclaim, you're looking for a sentence that presents an opposing viewpoint to the main argument. The passage argues that competitive youth sports are "overwhelmingly beneficial" and concludes that "all parents should be encouraged" to enroll their children. A proper counterclaim would challenge this positive stance.
Choice C effectively introduces opposition by using the transition word "However" and presenting critics' concerns about "excessive pressure, burnout, and emotional distress." This directly contradicts the passage's overwhelmingly positive tone and provides legitimate reasons why some might disagree with universal enrollment in competitive sports.
Choice A is wrong because it supports the main argument by highlighting community investment in sports facilities, which reinforces rather than challenges the benefits of youth sports participation. Choice B also supports the argument by adding another benefit (lasting friendships), making the case for sports even stronger. Choice D continues the supportive tone by mentioning transferable skills, which is yet another advantage rather than a criticism.
The key difference is that choices A, B, and D all add more positive points to an already positive argument, while choice C introduces genuine opposition. Notice how C uses "However" to signal contrast and presents specific concerns that would make parents think twice about enrollment.
On reading comprehension questions about argument structure, look for transition words like "however," "critics argue," or "on the other hand" when identifying counterclaims. These signal words help you distinguish between supporting evidence and opposing viewpoints.
- The author wants to acknowledge a potential negative aspect of tourism before the conclusion. Which sentence should be inserted before sentence 6?
Answer: However, critics point out that an over-reliance on tourism can make an economy vulnerable, and the industry can lead to environmental degradation and cultural commodification.
This question tests your ability to identify how an author can create balance in an argumentative passage by acknowledging counterarguments before reaching a conclusion.
Looking at the passage structure, sentences 1-5 present only positive aspects of tourism: economic benefits, job creation, cultural exchange, and preservation incentives. Then sentence 6 makes a sweeping conclusion that "expanding tourism is always a positive goal." The question asks what should come before this conclusion to acknowledge negative aspects, which would make the argument more balanced and credible.
Choice B is correct because it directly introduces criticisms of tourism - economic vulnerability, environmental degradation, and cultural commodification. The word "However" creates a clear contrast with the previous positive points, and these are genuine negative consequences that critics cite. This acknowledgment makes the final conclusion more nuanced.
Choice A is wrong because it continues discussing tourism's positive aspects (natural beauty attractions) rather than introducing negatives. Choice C is incorrect because eco-tourism is presented as another positive development, not a criticism. Choice D fails because it adds yet another benefit (global understanding) instead of acknowledging drawbacks.
When you encounter questions about adding sentences to create balance or acknowledge opposing views, look for transitions like "however," "critics argue," or "on the other hand." The correct choice should genuinely contrast with the author's main argument while staying relevant to the topic. Strong argumentative writing acknowledges potential counterarguments rather than ignoring them completely.
- The author wants to add a sentence to the beginning of the second paragraph (before sentence 4) to acknowledge a downside. Which choice best accomplishes this?
Answer: Despite these advantages, the rapid, often unplanned growth of cities can lead to significant problems like overcrowding, pollution, and strained public services.
When you encounter a question asking you to add a sentence that acknowledges a downside or contrasting viewpoint, you're being tested on your ability to recognize effective transitions and balanced argumentation. The key is finding a sentence that creates logical flow while introducing an opposing perspective.
The passage's first paragraph presents only positive aspects of urbanization. The second paragraph begins discussing environmental benefits, but the author wants to acknowledge potential problems first. Choice A accomplishes this perfectly by using "Despite these advantages" to reference the previous paragraph's benefits, then introducing genuine downsides like "overcrowding, pollution, and strained public services." This creates a balanced transition that acknowledges counterarguments before continuing with more benefits.
Choice B fails because it adds another positive point about corporate headquarters rather than acknowledging any downside. Choice C similarly presents only benefits by discussing cultural institutions, which doesn't address the requirement for acknowledging problems. Choice D continues the positive trend by highlighting universities and research, again missing the need for balance.
The word "Despite" in choice A is particularly important—it signals that what follows will contrast with what came before, making it an ideal transition device for introducing opposing viewpoints.
Remember this pattern: when questions ask you to "acknowledge a downside" or add contrasting information, look for transition words like "despite," "however," "although," or "while" that signal a shift in perspective. These questions test whether you understand how to create balanced, well-structured arguments that consider multiple viewpoints.
- The author wants to add a sentence before sentence 6 to acknowledge a possible limitation. Which of the following sentences would best serve as a counterclaim?
Answer: While the benefits are clear, critics point out that urban farms can rarely produce food at the scale and cost-efficiency needed to feed an entire city.
When you encounter a question asking you to add a counterclaim or acknowledge a limitation, you're being tested on argumentative structure. The author has presented only positive aspects of urban farming and wants to show balance by acknowledging potential criticisms before making their final claim.
A strong counterclaim directly challenges the main argument while using transition words like "while," "however," or "critics point out." It presents an opposing viewpoint that the author will then need to address or overcome.
Choice C provides exactly this type of balanced counterclaim. It acknowledges the benefits mentioned earlier ("While the benefits are clear") but then introduces a significant limitation that critics raise: urban farms cannot match the scale and cost-efficiency needed to feed entire cities. This directly challenges the implied argument that urban farming is a comprehensive solution to food systems.
Choice A actually supports the author's position by highlighting economic benefits, making it additional evidence rather than a counterclaim. Choice B similarly reinforces the argument by describing additional positive skills residents gain. Choice D continues listing benefits (lower crime, higher property values) rather than presenting any limitation or opposing viewpoint.
Look for transition words and oppositional language when identifying counterclaims. The correct answer will present a genuine criticism or limitation, not just neutral information or additional support. On the SHSAT, argumentative writing questions often test whether you can distinguish between supporting evidence and genuine counterarguments that create logical balance in persuasive texts.
- Which of the following sentences, if added before sentence 6, would best introduce a counterclaim?
Answer: Despite the skill involved, many still argue that the lack of significant physical exertion disqualifies e-sports from being considered a true sport.
When you encounter questions about introducing counterclaims, you're being tested on your ability to recognize opposing viewpoints in argumentative writing. A counterclaim presents an argument that contradicts or challenges the main thesis, and it should directly oppose the author's central position.
The passage argues that e-sports should be recognized as legitimate sports, citing skills, dedication, popularity, and institutional support as evidence. To introduce an effective counterclaim before the concluding sentence, you need an argument that directly challenges this position.
Choice B correctly introduces a counterclaim by presenting the opposing argument that e-sports lacks "significant physical exertion" and therefore cannot be considered a "true sport." This directly contradicts the author's thesis and acknowledges a common criticism of e-sports legitimacy. The phrase "Despite the skill involved" also shows the author recognizes e-sports require talent while still presenting the opposition's view.
Choice A fails because it actually supports the main argument by comparing e-sports favorably to traditional sports. Choice C also supports the thesis by highlighting another positive aspect of e-sports—global accessibility. Choice D continues supporting the argument by emphasizing the professional quality of e-sports broadcasts, which reinforces rather than challenges the legitimacy claim.
Remember that effective counterclaims don't just present random opposing information—they directly challenge the specific argument being made. Look for language that signals opposition like "however," "despite," or "many argue that" to identify genuine counterclaims rather than additional supporting evidence.
- Which sentence should be added before sentence 7 to acknowledge a potential downside to the argument presented?
Answer: Of course, the widespread loss of driving-related jobs, from truckers to taxi drivers, presents a significant economic and social challenge to this transition.
When you encounter a question asking you to add a sentence that "acknowledges a potential downside," you're being tested on your ability to recognize argument balance and rhetorical structure. The passage presents an overwhelmingly positive view of self-driving cars, so you need to find an option that introduces a counterpoint or limitation.
Looking at the passage's structure, sentences 1-6 list only benefits: safety, convenience, productivity, mobility for disabled individuals, fuel efficiency, and 24/7 trucking operations. Sentence 7 concludes that these changes represent "revolutionary improvement." To acknowledge a downside before this conclusion, you need something that presents a genuine drawback while maintaining the overall positive tone.
Choice C correctly identifies a significant negative consequence: "the widespread loss of driving-related jobs, from truckers to taxi drivers, presents a significant economic and social challenge." This directly counters the economic benefits mentioned earlier and acknowledges real human costs of the transition.
Choice A discusses battery technology improvements, which actually supports the argument rather than presenting a downside. Choice B mentions early adopters enjoying prestige, which is another positive aspect, not a drawback. Choice D adds yet another benefit about reduced stress from less traffic congestion.
Notice how A, B, and D all continue the pattern of listing advantages, while only C introduces a legitimate concern that balances the argument.
Strategy tip: When questions ask you to acknowledge downsides or limitations, scan the passage to identify its overall tone, then look for the choice that provides genuine counterbalance rather than continuing the same argumentative direction.
- Which of the following sentences, if added before sentence 7, would best serve as a counterclaim?
Answer: Conversely, a growing number of educators and parents argue that excessive homework can lead to student burnout, stress, and a loss of time for play and family.
When you encounter questions about adding sentences to support an argument, pay close attention to the specific function the new sentence should serve. A counterclaim presents an opposing viewpoint to the main argument being made.
This passage strongly advocates for homework, presenting multiple benefits like skill reinforcement, life skill development, and parent-school communication. The author concludes that homework should remain a "staple of K-12 education." A counterclaim before this conclusion would acknowledge the opposing perspective before the final assertion.
Choice A is correct because it introduces a contrasting viewpoint with "Conversely" and presents legitimate concerns about homework: student burnout, stress, and lost family time. This directly opposes the passage's pro-homework stance while acknowledging that "a growing number of educators and parents" hold this view.
Choice B is wrong because it supports homework by discussing accomplishment and confidence—this reinforces the main argument rather than opposing it. Choice C is incorrect because it simply discusses technological improvements to homework systems, which neither supports nor opposes the practice itself. Choice D fails because it provides another benefit of homework (establishing structure for college), which strengthens rather than challenges the author's position.
Remember that counterclaims don't weaken an argument—they actually strengthen it by showing the author has considered opposing viewpoints. Look for transition words like "however," "conversely," or "critics argue" that signal a shift to an opposing perspective, and make sure the content genuinely contradicts the main argument.
- The author wants to acknowledge a downside to remote work before the conclusion. Which sentence should be inserted before sentence 6?
Answer: For all its advantages, some argue that remote work can erode company culture and weaken the spontaneous collaboration that happens in a shared office.
This question tests your ability to recognize how writers use structural elements to strengthen their arguments. When an author presents a one-sided argument and then wants to acknowledge counterpoints before concluding, they're using a rhetorical strategy that makes their final position more credible and nuanced.
The passage currently presents only benefits of remote work, then jumps to a strong conclusion in sentence 6. The author wants to acknowledge potential downsides before that conclusion, which creates a more balanced and persuasive argument structure.
Choice A works perfectly because it introduces legitimate concerns about remote work ("erode company culture" and "weaken spontaneous collaboration") while using the transitional phrase "For all its advantages" that acknowledges the benefits already discussed. This creates the exact balance the author seeks before concluding that remote work is still "clearly a positive step."
Choice B is wrong because it adds another benefit (reliable technology) rather than acknowledging a downside. Choice C also presents a positive aspect (higher job satisfaction) instead of the requested counterpoint. Choice D introduces another advantage (environmental benefits) that actually strengthens the pro-remote work argument rather than acknowledging potential drawbacks.
When you encounter revision questions asking you to insert sentences, pay close attention to the specific purpose stated in the question stem. Here, "acknowledge a downside" is your key instruction. Look for answer choices that genuinely present opposing viewpoints or potential problems, not just additional supporting evidence for the author's position.
- Which of the following sentences, if added before sentence 6, would best introduce a counterclaim?
Answer: However, critics contend that the astronomical cost of a Mars colony is unjustifiable when there are so many pressing problems to solve here on Earth.
When you encounter questions about introducing counterclaims, you're being tested on your ability to recognize argumentative structure. A counterclaim presents an opposing viewpoint to the main argument, typically signaled by transition words like "however," "critics argue," or "opponents claim."
The passage strongly advocates for Mars colonization, presenting multiple benefits: survival insurance, technological advancement, and fulfilling human nature's exploratory drive. To introduce a counterclaim before the concluding sentence, you need a statement that acknowledges opposition to this position.
Choice C is correct because it directly introduces an opposing perspective with "However, critics contend..." It presents the core argument against Mars colonization—that the enormous costs aren't justified when Earth has urgent problems requiring attention. This creates the classic structure where the author acknowledges counterarguments before making their final appeal.
Choice A is wrong because it reinforces the pro-colonization argument by emphasizing human achievement, not opposing it. Choice B also supports the main argument by highlighting scientific benefits of Mars exploration. Choice D continues supporting colonization by discussing practical implementation details rather than questioning whether we should colonize Mars at all.
For SHSAT questions about argumentative structure, look for key transition signals and ask yourself: "Does this sentence agree with or challenge the author's main position?" Counterclaims will always present genuine opposition, not just additional details or supportive points. Words like "however," "critics," "opponents," and "some argue" are your clues that a counterclaim is being introduced.
- Which sentence should be added before sentence 6 to introduce a counterclaim to the passage's argument?
Answer: Conversely, a significant body of research suggests that open offices are full of distractions that decrease productivity and increase employee stress levels.
When you encounter questions about introducing counterclaims, you need to identify arguments that directly oppose the main thesis. This passage argues that open-plan offices are superior for modern businesses, citing benefits like collaboration, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility.
A proper counterclaim presents evidence or reasoning that challenges this central argument. Answer choice B does exactly this by stating that "research suggests that open offices are full of distractions that decrease productivity and increase employee stress levels." This directly contradicts the passage's claims about open offices being superior, and the word "Conversely" signals the shift to an opposing viewpoint that would logically lead into the conclusion in sentence 6.
Answer choice A is incorrect because it provides additional support for open offices (easier supervision and communication), which strengthens rather than challenges the argument. Answer choice C also supports the main argument by mentioning enhanced community and teamwork as benefits. Answer choice D continues supporting the thesis by adding aesthetic appeal as another advantage of open offices.
These three wrong answers all commit the same error: they provide more evidence in favor of open-plan offices rather than presenting opposing evidence. They would make the passage's argument stronger, not introduce a counterargument.
Remember that counterclaim questions require you to identify statements that oppose, not support, the main argument. Look for transition words like "however," "conversely," or "on the other hand" that signal opposing viewpoints, and ensure the content actually contradicts the thesis.
- Which sentence, if inserted before sentence 5, would best acknowledge a significant counterclaim to the author's argument?
Answer: Despite its efficiency, strong public opposition remains due to concerns over the safe disposal of radioactive waste and the potential for catastrophic accidents.
When you encounter a question asking you to identify a counterclaim, you're looking for a statement that acknowledges an opposing viewpoint or weakness in the author's argument. The author strongly advocates for nuclear energy expansion, so an effective counterclaim would present legitimate concerns that opponents might raise.
Choice C correctly acknowledges "strong public opposition" based on two major concerns that nuclear critics consistently raise: radioactive waste disposal and potential accidents. The phrase "Despite its efficiency" also creates the perfect transitional structure—acknowledging the author's points while introducing opposing concerns. This sets up sentence 5's call for expansion as a response that says "we should move forward anyway."
Choice A is wrong because job creation actually supports the author's pro-nuclear argument rather than opposing it. Choice B similarly reinforces the author's position by highlighting another benefit (energy density) rather than presenting a counterargument. Choice D also supports nuclear power by mentioning energy independence, which strengthens rather than challenges the author's case.
Notice that the incorrect choices all present additional reasons to support nuclear energy, while only choice C presents reasons why people might oppose it.
Strategy tip: When identifying counterclaims, look for words like "despite," "however," "although," or "critics argue" that signal acknowledgment of opposition. The correct answer should present legitimate concerns that the other side would actually raise, not additional support for the author's position.
- The author is considering adding a sentence to acknowledge a potential objection to this policy. Which of the following, if added before sentence 6, would be the best counterclaim?
Answer: Even so, some educators argue that school curricula are already over-crowded and that adding another required class would mean cutting other important subjects like arts or music.
When you encounter a question asking about adding a counterclaim or acknowledging an objection, you need to identify a statement that presents an opposing viewpoint to the author's main argument. The author argues that personal finance classes should be mandatory in all public high schools.
A true counterclaim presents a legitimate reason why someone might disagree with this policy. Choice B does exactly this by acknowledging that educators have practical concerns about overcrowded curricula and the trade-offs involved in adding another required class. This directly challenges the feasibility of the author's proposal while respecting the opposing perspective.
Choice A is incorrect because it actually supports the author's argument by highlighting positive outcomes of personal finance courses. This strengthens rather than counters the main claim. Choice C is also supportive, suggesting additional beneficial content these courses could include. Choice D provides evidence that the author's idea is already gaining traction, which reinforces rather than challenges the argument.
Notice how choices A, C, and D all align with the author's position in different ways—they either provide supporting evidence or expand on benefits. Only choice B presents a genuine concern from the opposing side.
For SHSAT questions about argument structure, always distinguish between statements that support, expand, or provide evidence for an argument versus those that present legitimate opposing concerns. A counterclaim should feel like a real objection someone might raise, not just additional support disguised differently.
- The author wants to add a sentence to the beginning of the second paragraph (before sentence 5) to acknowledge a different perspective. Which choice is the best example of a counterclaim?
Answer: However, many economists argue that the promised economic benefits rarely materialize and that stadiums are often a poor use of public funds.
When you encounter questions about adding counterclaims or acknowledging different perspectives, you're being tested on argument structure and rhetorical balance. A counterclaim directly challenges or contradicts the main argument, presenting an opposing viewpoint that the author might then address or refute.
The passage strongly advocates for stadium construction, claiming it "guaranteed" boosts the economy and is "always a wise" investment. To acknowledge a different perspective, you need a sentence that directly challenges this positive stance.
Choice B is correct because it presents a clear counterclaim: "However, many economists argue that the promised economic benefits rarely materialize and that stadiums are often a poor use of public funds." This directly contradicts the author's claims about guaranteed economic benefits and wise investments. The word "However" also signals the shift to an opposing viewpoint.
Choice A is wrong because it actually supports the author's argument by mentioning additional revenue sources from concerts and conventions. Choice C is also supportive, adding another benefit (iconic landmarks) rather than challenging the main argument. Choice D continues supporting the pro-stadium position by highlighting increased business sales, reinforcing rather than countering the economic benefits claim.
Watch for signal words like "however," "critics argue," or "opponents claim" that typically introduce counterclaims. The key is distinguishing between sentences that add support versus those that genuinely present opposing viewpoints. A true counterclaim challenges the core argument, not just a minor detail.
- The author wants to add a sentence to the beginning of the second paragraph (before sentence 5) to address an opposing viewpoint. Which choice best accomplishes this?
Answer: However, owners of traditional restaurants often complain that food trucks create unfair competition because they have lower overhead and can operate in prime locations without paying property taxes.
When you encounter questions about adding sentences to address opposing viewpoints, you're being tested on your ability to recognize counterarguments and understand how they function in argumentative writing. The key is identifying which choice presents a genuine opposing perspective to the author's main argument.
The passage presents an entirely positive view of food trucks, emphasizing their benefits for chefs, consumers, and communities. To address an opposing viewpoint, the author needs to acknowledge criticism or negative aspects that others might raise. Choice B accomplishes this perfectly by introducing the perspective of traditional restaurant owners who view food trucks as unfair competition due to their lower overhead costs and tax advantages. This directly contradicts the passage's celebration of food trucks' benefits.
Choice A fails because it simply adds another positive example (food truck festivals) rather than presenting opposition. Choice C also supports the author's argument by highlighting how social media helps food trucks succeed. Choice D continues the positive tone by mentioning additional revenue opportunities for food truck owners.
None of these alternatives present counterarguments—they all reinforce the author's favorable position. Only B introduces genuine opposition by showing how food trucks might negatively impact established businesses, which is a legitimate concern that opponents would raise.
When tackling questions about opposing viewpoints, look for answer choices that present genuine criticism or alternative perspectives, not just different examples that support the same argument. The opposing viewpoint should challenge or contradict the author's main position.
- Which of the following sentences would best serve as a counterclaim if added to the beginning of the second paragraph (before sentence 5)?
Answer: However, civil liberties advocates raise serious concerns about the potential for mass surveillance and the erosion of personal privacy.
When you encounter questions about argument structure, focus on understanding how different types of claims function within a passage. A counterclaim presents an opposing viewpoint that challenges the main argument, creating balance and acknowledging potential criticism.
The passage strongly advocates for surveillance cameras, listing multiple benefits across both paragraphs. A proper counterclaim would introduce opposition to this position. Choice C does exactly this by presenting civil liberties advocates' concerns about mass surveillance and privacy erosion. The word "However" signals a shift to an opposing perspective, and the content directly challenges the passage's pro-surveillance stance.
Let's examine why the other options fail as counterclaims. Choice A actually supports the main argument by providing additional evidence that cameras help police make arrests and secure convictions. Choice B mentions installation costs, but this addresses practical implementation rather than opposing the fundamental argument for surveillance systems. Choice D continues supporting the main argument by highlighting technological advances that make cameras more effective.
The key trap here is confusing any contrasting information with a true counterclaim. Cost concerns (B) might seem oppositional, but they don't challenge whether surveillance is beneficial—they just address logistics. A genuine counterclaim must present a fundamentally opposing viewpoint.
For SHSAT argument structure questions, always ask yourself: "Does this sentence challenge the author's main position, or does it just add complexity?" True counterclaims oppose the central argument, not just mention potential complications.
- The author is considering adding a sentence to the beginning of the second paragraph (before sentence 4) to address a major criticism. Which sentence best serves as a counterclaim?
Answer: However, the environmental and human costs of this model, including massive textile waste and poor working conditions, are a growing source of concern.
When you encounter a question asking for a "counterclaim," you're being tested on your understanding of argumentative structure. A counterclaim acknowledges an opposing viewpoint or criticism before the author continues building their argument.
Looking at this passage, the first paragraph presents fast fashion entirely positively—it's accessible, affordable, and "democratization of fashion is a positive outcome." The second paragraph continues this positive tone, discussing job creation and calling the overall impact "clearly beneficial." The question asks for a sentence that would "address a major criticism" before sentence 4, meaning it needs to acknowledge negative aspects of fast fashion.
Choice A is correct because it introduces legitimate criticisms—environmental damage through textile waste and human rights concerns about working conditions. This creates the perfect counterclaim structure: "Fast fashion has benefits, however there are these serious concerns, but despite these concerns, it still creates jobs..." This acknowledges opposition while allowing the author to continue their pro-fast fashion argument.
Choice B is wrong because it supports fast fashion by explaining how social media fuels the cycle—this reinforces rather than counters the author's position. Choice C is also supportive, showing how brands have successfully expanded their reach. Choice D continues praising fast fashion's convenience, which aligns with the author's positive stance rather than presenting a counterclaim.
Remember: A counterclaim doesn't mean the author agrees with the criticism—it means they're acknowledging it exists before continuing their argument. Look for words like "however" or "critics argue" as signals of counterarguments.
- Which sentence should be added before sentence 6 to acknowledge a differing viewpoint?
Answer: Despite their convenience, some purists argue that listening to a book is a passive experience that lacks the deep cognitive engagement of reading the printed word.
When you encounter questions about adding sentences to acknowledge differing viewpoints, you're being tested on argumentative writing structure and balance. Strong arguments acknowledge counterarguments before reinforcing their position.
The passage builds a case that audiobooks are beneficial, listing advantages like accessibility, multitasking potential, and enhanced narration. Sentence 6 then makes the bold claim that audiobooks are "superior." To strengthen this argument, the writer should acknowledge opposing views before making such a definitive statement.
Choice D is correct because it introduces a contrasting perspective from "purists" who believe listening is more "passive" than reading printed text. This directly counters the passage's positive stance while using the transition word "Despite" to acknowledge the convenience mentioned earlier. This creates the perfect setup for sentence 6's strong conclusion.
Choice A fails because it supports audiobooks by highlighting benefits for children's development—this agrees with the passage rather than presenting opposition. Choice B simply provides factual information about library collections without introducing any conflicting viewpoint. Choice C offers another advantage of audiobooks (adjustable speed), which reinforces rather than challenges the passage's argument.
Remember that when questions ask you to "acknowledge a differing viewpoint," look for answer choices that introduce genuine opposition or criticism, often signaled by contrast words like "despite," "however," or "although." The correct choice will present the other side of the debate, not additional supporting evidence.
- Which of the following sentences should be added before sentence 6 to present a counterclaim?
Answer: Despite these points, opponents worry that the longer school days required can be exhausting for younger students and difficult for them to maintain focus.
When you encounter questions about adding sentences to present a "counterclaim," you're being tested on your ability to identify opposing viewpoints in argumentative writing. A counterclaim directly challenges or presents an alternative perspective to the main argument being made.
The passage presents a strong argument in favor of four-day school weeks, highlighting financial benefits, improved teacher morale, and better student attendance. To present a counterclaim before the concluding sentence 6, you need a sentence that introduces opposition to this positive view.
Choice D accomplishes this perfectly by beginning with "Despite these points, opponents worry..." This transitional phrase signals a shift to an opposing perspective and presents a legitimate concern about longer school days being exhausting for younger students. This directly counters the passage's positive portrayal of the four-day model.
Choice A is incorrect because it provides additional support for the four-day week by mentioning benefits of professional development time. Choice B also supports the argument by highlighting advantages of extended weekends for student activities. Choice C continues the supportive tone by noting family scheduling benefits. All three of these choices reinforce the main argument rather than challenging it.
Remember that counterclaims often begin with transitional phrases like "however," "despite," "critics argue," or "opponents contend." These signal words help you identify when an author is acknowledging opposing viewpoints, which is essential for balanced argumentative writing on the SHSAT.
