Standard And Transmission-Based Precautions - NCLEX Rn
- Which transmission-based precaution is required for pulmonary tuberculosis?
- Airborne precautions. Airborne precautions isolate pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis that remain suspended in air and can be inhaled over distances.
- What is the core principle of Standard Precautions regarding blood and body fluids?
- Treat all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious. Standard Precautions assume universal risk to minimize exposure to bloodborne pathogens and reduce infection transmission in healthcare settings.
- Which PPE is required upon room entry for Droplet Precautions?
- Surgical mask. Surgical masks filter large droplets, protecting healthcare workers from pathogens transmitted via close contact respiratory emissions.
- What is the correct handling of used needles under Standard Precautions?
- Do not recap; dispose immediately in sharps container. Avoiding recapping prevents accidental needlesticks, and sharps containers ensure safe disposal, minimizing injury risks in healthcare settings.
- Which transmission-based precaution is required for influenza infection?
- Droplet precautions. Droplet precautions contain large respiratory particles that travel short distances, as seen with influenza viruses.
- Which transmission-based precaution is required for varicella (chickenpox)?
- Airborne plus Contact precautions. Varicella spreads via both airborne respiratory droplets and direct contact with lesions, necessitating combined precautions.
- What is the minimum PPE required for contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials?
- Gloves. Gloves create a barrier against direct contact with infectious materials, preventing pathogen entry through skin breaks or mucous membranes.
- Which transmission-based precaution is required for MRSA wound infection with drainage?
- Contact precautions. Contact precautions prevent direct or indirect transmission of resistant organisms like MRSA through contaminated surfaces or hands.
- Which method is required for hand hygiene when hands are visibly soiled?
- Soap and water. Soap and water mechanically remove dirt, organic material, and microbes, including those resistant to alcohol, ensuring thorough decontamination of soiled hands.
- What is the correct action if a needle-stick injury occurs during patient care?
- Wash/flush, report immediately, and follow exposure protocol. Immediate washing removes contaminants, while reporting enables prompt medical evaluation and potential post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent infection.
- Which PPE is indicated when splashes or sprays to the face are anticipated?
- Mask plus eye protection (goggles or face shield). Masks and eye protection shield mucous membranes from splashes, preventing pathogen entry via eyes, nose, or mouth during procedures generating aerosols.
- Identify the correct patient transport measure for Droplet Precautions.
- Place a surgical mask on the patient during transport. Masking the patient contains large droplets at the source, reducing environmental contamination during necessary movement outside isolation.
- Identify the correct patient transport measure for Airborne Precautions.
- Place a surgical mask on the patient during transport. A surgical mask on the patient captures respiratory particles, minimizing airborne dissemination during transport while staff use respirators.
- Which method is preferred for routine hand hygiene when hands are not visibly soiled?
- Alcohol-based hand rub. Alcohol-based rubs efficiently kill most transient microbes on non-soiled hands, providing rapid antimicrobial action suitable for routine use in clinical environments.
- Which body substance is NOT included in Standard Precautions unless visibly bloody?
- Sweat. Standard Precautions exclude sweat from universal application because it poses minimal infectious risk unless contaminated with visible blood.
- What is the single most effective action to prevent transmission in health care settings?
- Hand hygiene. Effective hand hygiene disrupts the chain of infection by removing transient microorganisms that facilitate pathogen transmission between patients and healthcare workers.
- What is Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette intended to prevent?
- Spread of respiratory pathogens from coughing/sneezing. Cough etiquette contains respiratory secretions at the source, limiting airborne dissemination of pathogens in shared healthcare environments.
- Which PPE is indicated when clothing may be exposed to blood or body fluids?
- Gown. Gowns protect skin and clothing from contamination, reducing the risk of transferring pathogens from the work environment to personal attire.
- Which hand hygiene method is required after caring for a patient with C. difficile?
- Soap and water. Soap and water physically remove C. difficile spores, which are resistant to alcohol-based sanitizers, ensuring effective hand decontamination.
- What is the correct sequence for donning PPE?
- Gown, mask/respirator, goggles/face shield, gloves. This sequence minimizes contamination by covering the body first and ending with hand protection, ensuring comprehensive barrier establishment.
- Which transmission-based precaution is required for Clostridioides difficile infection?
- Contact precautions. Contact precautions limit transmission of spore-forming bacteria like C. difficile through contaminated hands or environmental surfaces.
- What is the correct sequence for doffing PPE to reduce self-contamination?
- Gloves, goggles/face shield, gown, mask/respirator. This order reduces self-contamination by removing the most contaminated items first and progressing inward, preserving clean areas.
- Which PPE is required upon room entry for Contact Precautions?
- Gown and gloves. Gowns and gloves provide barriers against skin and clothing contact with infectious agents, essential for pathogens spread by touch.
- What type of room is required for a patient on Airborne Precautions?
- Airborne infection isolation room (negative pressure). Negative pressure rooms prevent airborne pathogens from escaping by directing airflow inward, containing infectious particles.
- Which respiratory protection is required for Airborne Precautions?
- Fit-tested N95 respirator (or higher-level respirator). N95 respirators filter small airborne particles, providing respiratory protection against infectious aerosols in high-risk settings.