Mobility, Positioning, And Range Of Motion - NCLEX Pn

1. Which term describes moving the foot so the toes point downward?

   Plantar flexion. Plantar flexion points the foot downward, providing propulsion during walking or standing on toes.

2. Which option best defines body mechanics in nursing care?

   Using correct posture and movement to prevent injury and conserve energy. Body mechanics involve aligning the body properly during activities to minimize strain on muscles and joints while optimizing efficiency.

3. Which position places the head of bed at $30^\circ$ to $45^\circ$ to improve ventilation?

   Semi-Fowler's position. Semi-Fowler's elevates the upper body moderately to reduce diaphragmatic pressure and enhance lung expansion.

4. Identify the correct cane use for right-leg weakness when ambulating.

   Hold the cane in the left hand (strong side). Placing the cane on the unaffected side distributes weight evenly and enhances balance during ambulation.

5. What is the correct definition of active range-of-motion (AROM) exercises?

   Patient independently moves joints through available range. AROM promotes muscle strength and joint flexibility as the patient performs movements without assistance.

6. Which position uses the patient's left side with right hip and knee flexed for enemas?

   Sims' position. Sims' semi-prone alignment reduces pressure on the sacrum and allows access for rectal procedures.

7. Which assessment tool is commonly used to predict pressure injury risk in adults?

   Braden Scale. The Braden Scale evaluates six subscales including mobility and moisture to quantify vulnerability to skin breakdown.

8. Which option is the correct first step before assisting a weak patient to stand and pivot?

   Apply a gait belt and ensure nonskid footwear is in place. A gait belt provides secure support, and nonskid footwear prevents slips during transfers to promote stability.

9. Which term means moving a limb away from the body's midline?

   Abduction. Abduction moves extremities laterally from the median plane, facilitating actions like raising arms sideways.

10. Which action is most appropriate to prevent foot drop in a bedbound patient?

    Maintain the foot in dorsiflexion with a footboard or splint. Supporting dorsiflexion counteracts gravity's pull on the foot, preventing Achilles tendon shortening and equinus deformity.

11. Identify the safest way to move a patient up in bed with a friction-reducing sheet.

    Use a drawsheet with $2$ staff; lift, do not drag, on a count of $3$. Coordinated lifting with assistance minimizes shear forces and back strain on caregivers while ensuring patient safety.

12. Which positioning term means lying on the side with the body aligned?

    Lateral (side-lying) position. Lateral positioning relieves pressure on bony prominences and supports respiratory function in unilateral conditions.

13. Which instruction is correct for a patient using crutches with a $3$-point gait?

    Advance both crutches and the weak leg together, then the strong leg. The 3-point gait supports partial weight-bearing by advancing aids with the affected limb first for controlled progression.

14. Which finding most directly indicates a patient is at high risk for falls?

    Unsteady gait with recent history of falls. Unsteady gait combined with fall history signals impaired balance and coordination, necessitating preventive interventions.

15. Which positioning term means lying flat on the abdomen with face down?

    Prone position. Prone positioning enhances posterior lung expansion and is used for procedures like back wound care.

16. Which position places the head of bed at $60^\circ$ to $90^\circ$ for eating and breathing ease?

    High-Fowler's position. High-Fowler's provides near-upright support to minimize dyspnea and facilitate activities like feeding.

17. Which term describes moving the foot so the toes point upward toward the shin?

    Dorsiflexion. Dorsiflexion lifts the foot upward, aiding in clearing the ground during the swing phase of gait.

18. What is the priority reason to reposition an immobile patient at least every 2 hours?

    To prevent pressure injuries by relieving prolonged pressure on tissues. Regular repositioning distributes weight evenly, reducing ischemia and tissue damage from constant compression against surfaces.

19. Which positioning term means lying flat on the back with face up?

    Supine position. Supine positioning promotes even weight distribution and facilitates assessments like abdominal exams.

20. What is the correct definition of passive range-of-motion (PROM) exercises?

    Nurse moves the patient's joints through available range. PROM maintains joint mobility and prevents contractures when the patient cannot move independently.

21. Which term means moving a limb toward the body's midline?

    Adduction. Adduction returns limbs medially toward the body's center, essential for stabilizing posture and movement.

22. Which term describes rotating the forearm so the palm faces upward?

    Supination. Supination orients the palm anteriorly, enabling functional hand positions for tasks like holding objects.

23. Which term describes joint movement that decreases the angle between bones?

    Flexion. Flexion bends the joint, bringing bones closer together as in bending the knee or elbow.

24. Which term describes joint movement that increases the angle between bones?

    Extension. Extension straightens the joint, widening the space between articulating bones for movements like straightening the elbow.

25. Which term describes rotating the forearm so the palm faces downward?

    Pronation. Pronation turns the palm posteriorly, supporting actions such as typing or pushing down.

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