Statistical Tests And Outcomes - NAPLEX

Which option is the correct interpretation of an odds ratio of $2.0$ for exposure versus no exposure?

Odds are $2$ times higher with exposure than without. Indicates the odds of the outcome are doubled in the exposed group compared to the unexposed, assuming other factors are equal.
Which outcome interpretation is correct when a $95\%$ CI for a mean difference excludes $0$ ?

Statistically significant at $\alpha = 0.05$ . Implies the true difference is unlikely to be zero, corresponding to rejection of the null at 5% significance.
Identify the correct conclusion when $p = 0.03$ and $\alpha = 0.05$ for a two-sided test.

Reject $H_0$ (statistically significant). Since $p$ -value is below $\alpha$ , there is evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no difference.
Which outcome interpretation is correct when a $95\%$ CI for an odds ratio includes $1$ ?

Not statistically significant at $\alpha = 0.05$ . Suggests the true odds ratio could be 1, indicating no significant association at the 5% level.
Identify the correct conclusion when $p = 0.08$ and $\alpha = 0.05$ for a two-sided test.

Fail to reject $H_0$ (not statistically significant). With $p$ -value exceeding $\alpha$ , insufficient evidence exists to reject the null hypothesis.