Tissue Injury And Repair - Massage and Bodywork Licensing Examination Mblex
- Identify the term for excessive scar tissue that extends beyond the wound borders.
- Keloid. Keloids arise from dysregulated fibroproliferation, extending collagen deposition beyond original wound margins.
- What is transudate?
- Low-protein fluid from hydrostatic/oncotic imbalance without inflammation. Transudate results from non-inflammatory pressure imbalances, lacking the cellular and protein content of exudates.
- Which factor most directly delays wound healing by reducing oxygen delivery?
- Poor perfusion (ischemia) leading to hypoxia. Ischemia impairs oxygen and nutrient delivery, essential for cellular metabolism and repair processes.
- What is healing by secondary intention?
- Healing of an open wound with tissue loss via granulation, contraction, scar. Secondary intention relies on granulation and contraction to close larger defects with more scarring.
- What is angiogenesis in tissue repair?
- Formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature. Angiogenesis restores blood supply to healing tissues by sprouting new vessels from pre-existing ones.
- What is edema?
- Excess fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces. Edema occurs due to disrupted fluid balance, often from inflammation or vascular issues, causing tissue swelling.
- What is the remodeling (maturation) phase of wound healing characterized by?
- Collagen reorganization, increased tensile strength, decreased vascularity. Remodeling optimizes scar tissue by cross-linking collagen fibers and reducing excess vessels for improved function.
- What is wound contraction and which cell mediates it?
- Wound size reduction mediated primarily by myofibroblasts. Contraction reduces wound area through myofibroblast-mediated pulling forces on the extracellular matrix.
- What is the primary purpose of acute inflammation?
- Neutralize insult and initiate tissue repair. Acute inflammation aims to contain and eliminate the damaging agent while setting the stage for tissue restoration.
- What is the correct order of the major phases of wound healing?
- Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling (maturation). These phases sequentially address bleeding control, debris removal, tissue rebuilding, and scar strengthening.
- What is granulation tissue?
- New connective tissue with capillaries and fibroblasts that fills a wound bed. Granulation tissue provides a vascularized scaffold essential for supporting cell migration and wound filling.
- What is chronic inflammation?
- Prolonged inflammation with tissue destruction and repair occurring together. Chronic inflammation persists when the acute response fails to resolve, leading to simultaneous damage and healing attempts.
- What is healing by primary intention?
- Edge-to-edge closure of a clean wound with minimal tissue loss and scarring. Primary intention involves minimal inflammation and rapid re-epithelialization in approximated wound edges.
- What is tissue injury in pathology terms?
- Damage to cells or tissues that disrupts normal structure and function. This definition encompasses any pathological alteration that impairs cellular integrity and physiological processes, fundamental to understanding injury mechanisms.
- What is exudate?
- Protein-rich inflammatory fluid with cells from increased vascular permeability. Exudate forms in inflammatory conditions as leaky vessels allow proteins and cells to escape into tissues.
- Which leukocyte is the first major responder in acute inflammation?
- Neutrophil. Neutrophils rapidly migrate to the injury site to phagocytose pathogens and debris in the early inflammatory phase.
- What is a scar (cicatrix)?
- Dense fibrous connective tissue replacing normal tissue after injury. A scar represents the fibrotic endpoint of repair where functional tissue is replaced by collagenous matrix.
- What is the proliferation phase of wound healing characterized by?
- Granulation tissue, angiogenesis, fibroplasia, epithelialization, contraction. The proliferation phase focuses on rebuilding tissue through new vessel formation, collagen production, and wound closure.
- Which collagen type is the main collagen in early granulation tissue?
- Type III collagen. Type III collagen provides initial flexible support in granulation tissue before being remodeled.
- Which collagen type predominates in mature scar tissue?
- Type I collagen. Type I collagen offers high tensile strength, becoming predominant as the scar matures and stabilizes.
- Which cell is primarily responsible for collagen deposition in wound healing?
- Fibroblast. Fibroblasts synthesize and deposit collagen to form the extracellular matrix crucial for wound strength.
- What is inflammation?
- Protective vascular and cellular response that removes injury cause and debris. Inflammation serves as the body's initial defense mechanism to eliminate harmful stimuli and prepare for healing.
- What are the four classic (cardinal) signs of acute inflammation?
- Redness, heat, swelling, pain. These signs result from vascular changes like vasodilation and increased permeability during the acute inflammatory response.
- Which leukocyte type predominates in chronic inflammation?
- Macrophages (with lymphocytes and plasma cells). In persistent inflammation, these cells dominate due to their roles in sustained immune response and tissue remodeling.
- What is hemostasis in the wound healing process?
- Immediate clot formation to stop bleeding and provide a temporary matrix. Hemostasis initiates wound healing by forming a fibrin clot that halts blood loss and scaffolds subsequent repair.