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Practice Test 12 - LSAT Logical Reasoning

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

  1. Ethan: Banning plastic bags will significantly reduce environmental pollution. Fiona: I don't think so; people will simply find alternative materials that are just as harmful. Ethan and Fiona disagree about which one of the following?
  2. The argument above depends on which one of the following assumptions?
  3. Which of the following best describes the pattern of reasoning in the argument?
  4. Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
  5. Which one of the following principles, if valid, most justifies the council's plan?
  6. Which one of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion above?
  7. Which one of the following assumptions permits the conclusion above to be properly drawn?
  8. A public library is deciding whether to eliminate overdue fines. Data from the past year show that patrons in the lowest-income neighborhoods return materials late at twice the rate of other patrons, and librarians report that many of those patrons stop using the library after accumulating small fines. Nearby libraries that eliminated fines did not report increased loss of materials, but they did report higher return rates. Therefore, eliminating overdue fines at this library would likely increase equitable access to library services without causing a significant increase in lost materials, so the library should eliminate fines. Which one of the following principles, if valid, most justifies the reasoning above?
  9. Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
  10. Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the paradox?
  11. In a tournament, every participant is either a chess player or a checkers player, but not both. There are 250 participants in total, with 150 playing chess. If these conditions are true, which one of the following cannot be true?
  12. The argument proceeds by doing which of the following?
  13. A hospital's annual report states that patient satisfaction in its emergency department rose last year, citing survey results showing higher overall ratings than the year before. However, internal records show that the average time from a patient's arrival to first contact with a clinician increased by nearly 20 minutes over the same period. The hospital did not add new treatment rooms, and the number of emergency visits was roughly unchanged. The report and the records both pertain to the same twelve-month interval and are based on the hospital's own data systems. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?
  14. The role of the statement "Thus, the city should implement car-free Sundays." is to:
  15. A school district piloted a later start time for one middle school. In the semester after the change, average first-period tardiness at that school fell by 25% compared with the prior semester. Counselors also report fewer students arriving visibly tired in the morning. Since adolescents tend to have later sleep cycles, a later start time allows students to get more sleep, which makes it easier to arrive on time. Thus, the later start time caused the reduction in tardiness. Therefore, the district should adopt later start times for all middle schools. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
  16. A homeowner observes that after replacing her old windows with energy-efficient ones, her monthly heating bill dropped noticeably. She also mentions that the new windows seal more tightly and reduce drafts. Since the window replacement was the biggest home improvement she made that year, she concludes that installing energy-efficient windows is the best way for homeowners in her area to lower heating costs. Which one of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion above?
  17. A dietitian claims that a daily intake of vitamin C prevents the common cold. A study showed that participants who took vitamin C daily had 30% fewer colds than those who did not. The dietitian concluded that vitamin C is effective in preventing colds. Which one of the following assumptions, if made, enables the conclusion to be properly drawn?
  18. At Pinecrest University, the administration notes that in departments where at least 80% of faculty attend the new teaching workshops, student course evaluations improved the following semester. The administration also notes that the history department's evaluations improved last semester. Therefore, the administration concludes that at least 80% of history faculty must have attended the workshops. Since workshop attendance is voluntary, the administration further concludes that history faculty must have been especially motivated to improve their teaching compared with faculty in other departments. The pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following?
  19. A debate team will choose exactly three students from four—Hale, Inez, Jori, and Kwan—to attend a tournament. Exactly one of the attendees will be designated captain. If Hale attends, then Inez attends. Jori attends if and only if Kwan does not attend. The captain cannot be Inez. If Kwan attends, then Hale is not captain. Also, if Hale is captain, then Kwan attends. If the statements above are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?
  20. The two speakers are committed to agreeing about which of the following?

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