Greetings & Introductions — I can greet others, introduce myself, and exchange basic personal information in common adult social contexts.

Korean greetings are far more than simple words — they reflect centuries of Confucian influence on Korean society. In Korean culture, how you greet someone reveals your understanding of social hierarchy and respect. Unlike English, where "hello" works in almost every situation, Korean has multiple levels of speech formality that change depending on who you're talking to. Understanding the origins of these speech levels helps you use them naturally and avoid awkward or even offensive mistakes.

So here's the central question this lesson addresses: how do you walk into a room in Korea — a classroom, a café, a friend's home — and make a great first impression? You need to know not just what to say, but how to say it — and that means understanding the speech levels that Korean greetings demand.

Before memorizing phrases, you need to understand the principles that govern Korean social interaction. These principles are the foundation of every greeting and introduction you'll learn. Think of them as the "operating system" that runs beneath every Korean conversation.

As you can see in the diagram, Korean greetings exist on a spectrum from highly formal to very casual. The word 안녕 (annyeong) literally means "peace" or "well-being," and it appears in all three levels. What changes is the grammatical ending attached to it. The formal polite ending -하십니까 (-hasimnikka) sounds stiff and professional, while the standard polite ending -하세요 (-haseyo) strikes a friendly-yet-respectful balance. The casual form drops all endings entirely, leaving just the bare root 안녕. For this lesson, we'll focus primarily on the standard polite level, since it's appropriate in the widest range of social situations.

The Self-Introduction Formula

Korean self-introductions follow a predictable pattern. Once you learn the formula, you can plug in your own information and introduce yourself confidently. The key structure uses the particle 은/는 (eun/neun) to mark the topic of your sentence and 이에요/예요 (ieyo/yeyo) to mean "is" or "am" in polite speech.

Asking Questions — Flipping the Formula

One of the most beginner-friendly aspects of Korean is that turning a statement into a question often requires only raising your intonation at the end. The sentence structure stays the same. To ask someone's name, you replace 저 (I, humble) with the respectful word for "you" or, more commonly, you use 이름이 뭐예요? (ireumi mwoyeyo?) which literally means "What is (your) name?" The word 이름 (ireum) means "name," 이 (i) is the subject marker, and 뭐 (mwo) means "what."

Now that you understand the underlying structure, let's build a toolkit of phrases organized by the situations you're most likely to encounter. Each phrase is given in Hangul, romanized pronunciation, and English meaning.

Pay special attention to the two different goodbyes in the phrase table. Korean has a unique feature: the person leaving says 안녕히 계세요 (stay in peace) to the person staying, and the person staying says 안녕히 가세요 (go in peace) to the person leaving. If both people are leaving at the same time, they both say 안녕히 가세요 to each other.

Let's walk through building a complete self-introduction from scratch. Imagine you're an American high school student named Sarah, and you're meeting your Korean language exchange partner for the first time at a café.

Learning Korean greetings comes with some common pitfalls, especially for English speakers. Here's a comparison of what to do versus what to avoid, along with explanations of why each mistake happens.

The greeting and introduction patterns you've learned in this lesson are building blocks for far more complex Korean conversations. As you progress, you'll encounter additional speech levels, honorific vocabulary, and nuanced social rules. Here's a preview of how beginner greetings connect to intermediate-level skills.

Don't feel overwhelmed by the intermediate column. Every Korean speaker started with the exact same phrases you're learning now. The beautiful thing about Korean politeness is that being overly polite is always forgiven, while being too casual can genuinely offend. So by mastering the polite forms first, you're building a safe and solid foundation for everything that comes next.

Test your understanding of Korean greetings and introductions with these five problems. They progress from simple recall to more complex situational thinking.