Practice Test 8 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

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1. In a species, the chromosome number in body cells is generally constant. Which statement correctly applies this idea to humans?
2. Two students propose models for delivering nutrients to body cells after a meal. Model 1: Digestive system 2 Circulatory system 2 Body cells Model 2: Digestive system 2 Circulatory system 2 Body cells AND Circulatory system 2 Excretory system (waste removal) Which statement best compares the models for the purpose of explaining nutrient delivery to cells?
3. Which statement best compares the chemical energy in glucose to the chemical energy in ATP in a typical cell?
4. In a plant's anther, meiosis produces pollen cells. Which option correctly compares meiosis and mitosis in terms of products and genetic similarity?
5. A farmer grows new potato plants by planting pieces of potato tuber. All the new plants have the same traits as the original plant. This method is best described as:​
6. A population of rabbits has two fur-color phenotypes: light and dark. The percent of dark rabbits was recorded over time after a wildfire darkened the soil. Year: 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019 Dark rabbits (%): 22, 35, 49, 61, 70 Which description best matches the evolutionary change shown?
7. A honeybee hive is disturbed by a predator. Many worker bees rush out and sting the intruder. Some workers die after stinging, but the predator retreats and the hive remains intact. Which option best describes the cooperative benefit of this behavior?
8. On an island, several bird species are found that are very similar to a bird species on the nearest mainland but are not found anywhere else. This pattern is best described as which type of evidence for evolution?
9. In a hospital, a bacterial species is tested each year for resistance to Antibiotic X. The percentage of resistant bacteria is shown below. Year 1: 3% Year 3: 9% Year 5: 21% Year 7: 46% Year 9: 72% Which conclusion is most supported by the trend?
10. A rabbit population has a gene with alleles $H$ and $h$. During a harsh winter, $HH$ rabbits have a 55% chance of surviving to reproduce, $Hh$ have a 50% chance, and $hh$ have a 45% chance. Compared with a situation where $HH$ survival is 95% and $hh$ survival is 5%, how would you describe the strength of selection in the harsh-winter case?
11. Which description best distinguishes sexual reproduction from asexual reproduction?
12. In pea plants, a single gene controls plant height. The tall allele (T) is dominant over the short allele (t). A plant with genotype Tt is tall. Which statement best explains how this gene relates to the plant's height trait?
13. Two small islands have similar climates and the same species of lizard. On Island A, insects are abundant but freshwater is scarce during the dry season. On Island B, freshwater is plentiful but insect populations are low. Each island supports only a small lizard population. Which statement best identifies the limiting factor on each island?
14. Which description best matches the overall shape and organization of DNA?
15. Which example best shows resistance rather than resilience?
16. Matter cycles in ecosystems while energy flows. Using the overall equations: Photosynthesis: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$ Respiration: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$ Which statement best describes matter cycling vs. energy flow between these processes?
17. A student makes a model with two circles labeled "Photosynthesis" and "Cellular respiration." They want to label arrows with molecules to show matter cycling. Which labeling correctly matches the direction of the arrows between the two processes (ignoring energy for the moment)?
18. A fish population has two alleles at a gene related to salt tolerance: $S$ and $s$. Allele frequencies were measured before and after a dam changed the river's salinity. Before dam (Year 0): $f(S)=0.76$, $f(s)=0.24$ After dam (Year 8): $f(S)=0.49$, $f(s)=0.51$ Which statement best describes what happened?
19. A cactus species lives in a desert where water is scarce. In the ancestral population, leaf size varied and the variation was heritable. Plants with smaller leaves lost less water and were more likely to survive drought and produce seeds. Over many generations, the population mostly has spines instead of broad leaves. Which statement best explains this change as an adaptation produced by natural selection?
20. A student claims, "If an organism has a recessive allele, it will never affect the phenotype." Which choice best evaluates this claim for a single-gene trait with dominant allele $A$ and recessive allele $a$?

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