Practice Test 78 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

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1. A coastal marsh is hit by a hurricane. The marsh plants are flattened and water salinity rises, but within two growing seasons plant cover and animal activity return close to pre-hurricane levels. Which statement best interprets this outcome?
2. Two genetically identical corn plants (clones) are grown from cuttings. Plant 1 is grown with regular fertilizer and reaches 160 cm. Plant 2 is grown in the same type of soil but without added fertilizer and reaches 95 cm. What is the best conclusion about the role of environment in this result?
3. A student makes a flowchart for wound healing: 1) Tissue damaged 2) ________ 3) Many new cells produced 4) New cells become the correct tissue type 5) Tissue function restored Which step best fits in blank (2) to connect the model logically?
4. Which statement correctly matches where the inputs for cellular respiration come from in an animal?​
5. In a population of beetles, body color is controlled by two alleles. The frequency of the green phenotype was measured across generations. Generation 0: 82% green, 18% brown Generation 5: 70% green, 30% brown Generation 10: 55% green, 45% brown Generation 15: 39% green, 61% brown Which conclusion is best supported by the data?
6. A student is building a simple flowchart model to show how deforestation for agriculture can reduce biodiversity in a tropical forest. Which option best represents a complete cause-effect pathway (activity → immediate effect → ecological consequence → biodiversity impact) using arrows?
7. After eating a meal, nutrients from digested food must reach cells throughout the body. How do the digestive and circulatory systems interact to accomplish this function?
8. A class creates a flowchart to compare growth and repair in a multicellular organism. Which flowchart best fits BOTH processes?
9. A plant with purple flowers is crossed with a plant with white flowers. All 30 offspring have purple flowers. Assuming a single gene with complete dominance, what is the most likely genotype of the purple-flowered parent?
10. DNA stores genetic information using a four-base "alphabet" (A, T, G, C). Two short DNA segments are shown: Segment 1: ATGCCG and Segment 2: GCATCG. Which statement best explains why these two segments can encode different genetic information?
11. A student says, "mRNA is like a set of instructions for building a protein." In translation, what is the main role of tRNA?
12. A plant cell builds cellulose for its cell wall. Cellulose is a polysaccharide made from many glucose monomers. Which description correctly matches the monomer-to-polymer relationship?
13. In the human body, many cardiac muscle cells contract together as a group to help the heart beat. This group of similar cells working together is best described as which level of biological organization?
14. A family has a child with genotype bb for eye color (b = blue, recessive). Which statement must be true about the alleles the child inherited?
15. A student describes a cell in which the cytoplasm is dividing and the cell membrane is pinching inward, producing two separate daughter cells. Which process is this?
16. A human body cell contains about $2$ meters of DNA in total, but the nucleus is only about $10\ \mu m$ across. Which statement best explains how this DNA fits inside the nucleus and what a chromosome is?
17. A room has a thermostat set to 20°C (the set point). When the room temperature drops to 18°C, the heater turns on; when the room warms back to 20°C, the heater turns off. Which statement best describes how this example illustrates homeostasis?
18. A plant cell can make carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Which pairing correctly matches a macromolecule with an additional element that must be obtained from the environment beyond the C, H, and O that can come from glucose and water?
19. A city plans to reduce plastic pollution in a nearby river that harms turtles and birds through ingestion and entanglement. Two strategies are proposed: (1) install a trash-capture boom near the river mouth to collect floating debris, and (2) reduce plastic entering the river by expanding refill stations, improving waste collection, and requiring covered trash bins in neighborhoods near storm drains. Which statement best evaluates these strategies?
20. A wildlife refuge provides 2,400 liters of drinkable water per day during the dry season. Each gazelle needs about 12 liters of water per day. If water is the limiting resource during the dry season, what is the carrying capacity (K) for gazelles during that season?

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