Practice Test 76 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

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1. Which set of components best describes what is needed for homeostasis of an internal condition (like temperature, water balance, or glucose) without requiring detailed physiology?​
2. A student crosses a heterozygous brown-eyed parent ($Bb$) with a blue-eyed parent ($bb$). Brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue eyes (b). What phenotype ratio is expected in the offspring?
3. A student describes the circulatory system as the heart working with blood vessels to move blood throughout the body. In the hierarchy of organization, the circulatory system is best classified as which level?
4. A diploid cell (2n) undergoes meiosis to form gametes. Which outcome correctly describes the products of meiosis?
5. A grassland currently has a carrying capacity of 500 antelope. A drought reduces plant growth (food availability) by 30% for several years, and food is the limiting resource. Assuming carrying capacity changes proportionally with food supply, what is the new carrying capacity (K)?
6. Claim: A population of island lizards evolved longer legs after a hurricane changed the habitat to have broader tree trunks. Evidence: 1) 2010 (before hurricane): mean hind-leg length = 35 mm; 2015: mean hind-leg length = 41 mm. 2) In 2015, lizards with longer legs were observed running faster on broad trunks. 3) A single lizard that lost its tail regrew part of it. 4) Genetic analysis found that an allele associated with longer legs increased from 0.30 in 2010 to 0.62 in 2015. Which set of evidence is most relevant and sufficient to support the claim of population evolution?
7. Commercial fishing removes most large predatory fish (such as tuna or sharks) from a coastal food web. In the following years, smaller fish and some invertebrates become much more abundant. What is the best explanation for this ecosystem change?
8. A genetics class recorded ABO blood types in a group of 80 students: - Type A: 30 - Type B: 12 - Type AB: 6 - Type O: 32 Which statement is best supported by these data?
9. On an island, the mean beak depth of a finch population was measured after different rainfall conditions. Data: 1976 (wet year): 8.1 mm 1978 (drought): 9.3 mm 1980 (wet year): 8.4 mm 1982 (drought): 9.6 mm 1984 (wet year): 8.2 mm Which statement best describes the trend and its relationship to the environment?
10. A thermostat keeps a room near a set point of 20°C. It measures the room temperature, compares it to 20°C, and turns the heater on or off to bring the temperature back toward 20°C when it drifts. Which choice best describes how this example illustrates homeostasis?
11. A bird population has two beak-size alleles, $L$ and $l$. During a year with very hard seeds, survival probabilities are: $LL$: 0.85, $Ll$: 0.80, $ll$: 0.75. Compared with a different year where survival probabilities are $LL$: 0.85, $Ll$: 0.45, $ll$: 0.05, which year would produce faster change in allele frequencies due to selection?
12. A student wants a model showing why breathing rate increases during exercise. The model should include both a material flow and a control/coordination signal. Which option best meets that goal using 24 systems?
13. A student writes a word equation for cellular respiration: "glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)." Which substances must be available for this process to occur as written (aerobic respiration)?​
14. A cell has plenty of glucose available but no oxygen. Based on the aerobic cellular respiration equation $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$, what is the best conclusion about aerobic respiration in this cell?​
15. What best characterizes metaphase in mitosis?​
16. What role does ATP play in cells after it is produced by cellular respiration?
17. A gardener grows two identical plants in the same light and water conditions. Plant 1 grows in soil with nitrate (a nitrogen source). Plant 2 grows in soil lacking usable nitrogen. Both plants can still make glucose from CO2 and H2O. Which outcome is most likely for Plant 2, based on atom sources and conservation of matter?
18. Use the simplified nitrogen cycle model below (arrows show direction). [Atmosphere (N2)] --(nitrogen fixation by bacteria)--> [Soil (NH4+)] --(nitrification by bacteria)--> [Soil (NO3-)] --(plant uptake)--> [Plants (proteins/DNA)] --(consumption)--> [Animals] [Dead organisms/waste] --(decomposition/ammonification)--> [Soil (NH4+)] [Soil (NO3-)] --(denitrification by bacteria)--> [Atmosphere (N2)] Which pathway correctly traces nitrogen moving from the atmosphere into an animal and then returning to the atmosphere?
19. A person has not had water for several hours. Their blood becomes more concentrated (higher solute concentration). Osmoreceptors in the brain detect the change and signal the release of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). The kidneys respond by reabsorbing more water, producing smaller amounts of more concentrated urine. After drinking water, blood concentration returns closer to normal and ADH release decreases. Which choice correctly traces the negative feedback loop in this water-balance example?
20. Which option correctly matches each substance with its role in cellular respiration (glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP)?

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