Practice Test 63 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

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1. Energy transfer follows the 10% rule. Producers have 80,000 kcal. About how much energy is available to tertiary consumers (three transfers: producers → 1° → 2° → 3°)?
2. A frog is a complete living thing made up of multiple organ systems (such as digestive and circulatory systems) working together. In the hierarchy of biological organization, a frog is at which level?
3. A lake ecosystem follows the 10% rule. If secondary consumers have 90 kJ of energy, about how much energy did primary consumers have?
4. Male peacocks vary in tail size. Females choose males with larger, more colorful tails more often, but large tails can make males easier for predators to spot. Which choice best explains why large tails can still increase fitness?
5. Consider a short DNA sequence in a gene: ATGCCC. A mutation changes it to ATGCTC (one base is different). Conceptually, why can even a one-base change matter?
6. A school of small fish is attacked by a larger predatory fish. When the fish stay tightly grouped and move together, the predator often misses. Which benefit of group living is best shown in this example?
7. A short mRNA is normally read as codons: AUG-CCG-UAA (start, then two more codons including a stop). A deletion removes one base in the second codon so the sequence becomes: AUG-CGU-AA... (reading frame shifts after the deletion). What is the most likely effect on the protein?
8. A species of fox shows heritable variation in body size. On a cold northern island, larger foxes retain heat better, while on a hot southern island, smaller foxes dissipate heat better. What does this comparison show about natural selection?
9. A bird population's wing length was measured over 30 years. Year → mean wing length (cm): 1990: 12.0 1995: 12.1 2000: 12.0 2005: 12.1 2010: 12.0 2015: 12.1 2020: 12.0 Which interpretation best describes the evolutionary trend?
10. After drinking a sugary beverage, a student's blood glucose rises and then returns closer to normal about an hour later. Which model best represents the interaction of systems that helps regulate blood glucose in this situation?
11. A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: $G$ (green) and $g$ (brown). Researchers tracked the allele frequency of $g$ over 30 generations after a new bird predator became common in the area. Generation 0: $g$ frequency = 0.08 Generation 10: $g$ frequency = 0.22 Generation 20: $g$ frequency = 0.51 Generation 30: $g$ frequency = 0.76 Which statement best interprets these data?
12. A region wants to conserve a threatened large mammal that needs a wide range to find food and mates. The landscape is fragmented by roads and farms. Two strategies are proposed: Strategy A: Create several small protected reserves that are isolated from each other. Strategy B: Create protected reserves and connect them with habitat corridors (strips of natural habitat) that allow movement between reserves. Which evaluation is most accurate for preserving biodiversity of this species?
13. When a person has a bacterial infection in a cut on their leg, their body needs to send white blood cells to that area. How do the immune and circulatory systems interact to fight the infection?
14. A class builds a terrarium with plants, insects that eat the plants, and decomposers in the soil. Over time, dead insects and fallen leaves are broken down. Which statement best supports the idea of conservation of matter in this terrarium?
15. A lake receives a short-term pollution spill. Fish populations drop sharply, but over the next two years water quality improves and fish populations return close to their previous levels. Which statement best describes the lake's response?
16. An energy pyramid for a forest shows: producers (trees) 100,000 units → primary consumers (deer) 10,000 units → secondary consumers (wolves) 1,000 units → tertiary consumers (cougars) 100 units. Which conclusion is most supported by this pattern?
17. Why is transcription necessary for protein production in eukaryotic cells (high school level explanation)?
18. A protected grassland reserve successfully prevents plowing and development inside its boundaries. However, nearby farms use pesticides that drift into the reserve, and a river brings nutrient runoff that increases invasive weeds. Which conclusion best evaluates the reserve's ability to preserve biodiversity?
19. Crossing over (genetic recombination) happens during meiosis and increases genetic diversity. Which choice best describes what crossing over does?
20. A lizard species shows temperature-dependent sex determination: eggs incubated at one temperature mostly develop as males, while eggs incubated at another temperature mostly develop as females. If the eggs come from the same parents, what is the best interpretation?

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