Practice Test 56 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

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1. A student writes the word equation for cellular respiration as: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP). Which list correctly names the products (outputs) of cellular respiration?
2. Which statement best explains how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary in ecosystems? Photosynthesis: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$ Respiration: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$
3. Which set includes all required inputs for photosynthesis to occur in a plant leaf?
4. In many organisms, only about 40% of the chemical energy in glucose is captured in ATP during cellular respiration; the rest is released as heat. What is the best interpretation of this statement?
5. DNA is often compared to digital code. In this analogy, what is most like the "0s and 1s" that store information?
6. An invasive aquatic plant is spreading through a freshwater wetland, shading out native plants and reducing habitat for fish and insects. Managers propose three control options: Option A: Apply an herbicide that kills the invasive plant quickly. Option B: Introduce an insect that feeds on the invasive plant (biological control). Option C: Organize repeated manual removal by crews and volunteers. Which evaluation best identifies a major trade-off that must be considered when choosing among these options?
7. In a fish species, striped (S) is dominant over solid (s). Two solid fish are crossed: $ss \times ss$. What is the probability that an offspring will be striped?
8. In the balanced photosynthesis equation $6CO_2 + 6H_2O +$ light energy $\rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$, how many molecules of oxygen gas ($O_2$) are produced when one molecule of glucose is made?​
9. In an arctic fox population, fur color varies due to heritable genetic differences: most foxes are brown, but a few are white. In winters with long-lasting snow cover, predators spot brown foxes more easily. Over many generations, white foxes become much more common. Which statement best describes how white fur became an adaptation?
10. A lake has either (1) many kinds of algae, aquatic plants, and small animals, or (2) very few species after pollution reduced biodiversity. When a sudden cold snap lowers water temperature, which statement best describes how biodiversity affects population dynamics in the lake?
11. Which sequence best orders the major steps of natural selection in a population over multiple generations?
12. The lining of the small intestine is replaced every few days. Stem cells at the base of intestinal folds divide often. Which option best models how this tissue turnover maintains the intestine's function?
13. Two students propose models of energy flow. Model 1: Sun → light energy → chlorophyll → glucose (stored chemical energy) Model 2: Sun → glucose → chlorophyll → light energy Which model correctly represents the direction of energy flow and storage in photosynthesis?
14. In a fish species, a striped pattern (A) is dominant over a solid pattern (a). Two heterozygous fish are crossed: $Aa \times Aa$. If an offspring shows the dominant phenotype (striped), what is the probability that it is a carrier (heterozygous $Aa$)?​
15. A student measured plant height (cm) in a greenhouse population. Height (cm): 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 Number of plants: 1 | 4 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 1 Which statement is best supported by the data?
16. Some parts of DNA are called "coding" because they can provide instructions for building a protein, while other parts may not code for proteins. Even so, what is still true about DNA and information?
17. A section of mRNA is normally read as codons like this: AUG-CCG-UAA (start–amino acid–stop). A deletion removes one base early in the sequence, changing it to AUG-CGU-AA.... What is the most likely result for the protein? (You do not need to determine the exact amino acids.)
18. In a population of trees, some individuals have thicker waxy leaf coatings that reduce water loss, while others have thinner coatings. A long period of hot, dry weather occurs. Which environmental pressure is most directly selecting for thicker waxy coatings?
19. During exercise, body temperature rises and sweat production increases. How do the integumentary (skin) and circulatory systems work together to help cool the body?
20. Which sequence of events best matches what happens during transcription in a eukaryotic cell (high school level description)?

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