Practice Test 47 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

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1. In a cell, ATP made during cellular respiration is best described as which of the following?
2. Which statement best describes what happens to the oxygen ($O_2$) produced during photosynthesis in many plants?
3. A class recorded the number of spots on 20 ladybugs from one field: Spots: 0 (2 ladybugs), 2 (5), 4 (7), 6 (4), 8 (2) Which statement best describes the pattern of variation for spot number?
4. In a species, a body cell is diploid (2n) and a gamete is haploid (n). Why must gametes be haploid for sexual reproduction to maintain the species' chromosome number over generations?
5. A bird population has two alleles for beak shape: $B$ and $b$. The allele frequencies are measured every 5 generations. Generation 0: $f(B)=0.50$, $f(b)=0.50$ Generation 5: $f(B)=0.51$, $f(b)=0.49$ Generation 10: $f(B)=0.50$, $f(b)=0.50$ Generation 15: $f(B)=0.49$, $f(b)=0.51$ Generation 20: $f(B)=0.50$, $f(b)=0.50$ Which interpretation best fits these data?
6. A gene is transcribed so the information in DNA can be carried to where proteins are made. Which statement best explains the purpose of transcription?
7. A plant kept in bright sunlight produces more glucose than the same plant kept in dim light. Which explanation best connects this observation to energy conversion in photosynthesis?
8. A student observes that muscle cells, nerve cells, skin cells, and blood cells all come from the same fertilized egg. These cell types look and behave very differently, even though they contain the same DNA. Which statement best explains how these different cell types form?
9. In snapdragons, flower color shows incomplete dominance: red is $RR$, white is $WW$, and pink is $RW$. Two pink plants are crossed ($RW \times RW$) and produce 100 offspring: 24 red, 52 pink, and 24 white. Which statement best explains the inheritance pattern using the offspring ratio evidence?
10. Two groups of the same bird species were measured for wing length (cm). Group 1 wing lengths (cm): 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22 Group 2 wing lengths (cm): 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 Which group shows greater variation in wing length?
11. In a troop of monkeys, several adults may watch over and protect infants while other adults forage. Compared with a mother raising an infant alone, what is the best advantage of this group behavior?
12. A population shows an S-shaped (logistic) growth curve on a graph of population size (y-axis) vs. time (x-axis). The curve is steepest in the middle of the graph, not at the beginning or the end. During which part of the curve is the population growth rate fastest?
13. A young animal is growing rapidly and forming many new cells. Which combination best explains why it must synthesize multiple types of macromolecules (not just one type)?
14. A population of insects has two alleles, $H$ and $h$, affecting resistance to a pesticide. In Field A (strong selection), survival is: resistant = 90%, non-resistant = 10%. In Field B (weak selection), survival is: resistant = 90%, non-resistant = 85%. In which field will the resistance trait increase in frequency faster, and why?
15. In a typical negative feedback loop that maintains a stable internal condition, what happens when the condition rises above its set point?
16. A plant uses 10 glucose molecules made from CO2. During growth, the plant builds three kinds of macromolecules: starch (carbohydrate), proteins, and nucleic acids. Which statement best describes how the plant's atoms are used to build these macromolecules?
17. A gazelle that lives alone has a $1/10$ chance of being caught during an attack. In a herd, a gazelle's chance of being caught drops because there are many potential targets. Which advantage of group living is this example describing?
18. A student observes that deer often feed in herds. Even though herd members must compete for the same grass and can spread disease more easily, deer still commonly live in groups. Which explanation best describes an advantage of herd living compared with living alone?
19. Claim: A population of bacteria evolved resistance to an antibiotic in a hospital. Evidence collected: 1) In 2018, 12% of bacterial isolates were resistant; in 2023, 65% were resistant. 2) A resistance gene is found on a plasmid in many 2023 isolates. 3) A nurse reports that one patient "became resistant" to the antibiotic during treatment. 4) The hospital used more of the antibiotic in 2022 than in 2018. Which evaluation is most accurate?
20. A student tracks six carbon atoms that were once in atmospheric CO2. After photosynthesis, those carbon atoms are found in one glucose molecule (C6H12O6) in a leaf cell. Later, the plant makes starch for storage. What happens to those six carbon atoms when starch is made?

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