Practice Test 46 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

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1. Two populations of the same insect species were monitored for the frequency of a pesticide-resistance allele $R$ over 6 years. Population 1 (no pesticide used nearby): Year 1: 0.02, Year 3: 0.02, Year 5: 0.03, Year 6: 0.02 Population 2 (pesticide sprayed every season): Year 1: 0.02, Year 3: 0.18, Year 5: 0.51, Year 6: 0.67 Which statement best compares the two populations?
2. During exercise, several systems change their activity at the same time. Which choice best describes a coordinated response involving the respiratory, circulatory, and muscular systems?
3. In a meadow, producers store 12,000 energy units. Approximately how much energy would primary consumers store, and what percent of the producer energy is that (using the 10% rule)?
4. Which pair correctly identifies an energy input/output for each process? Photosynthesis: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$ Respiration: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$
5. A scientist recorded the number of spots on 30 ladybugs: 0 spots: 1 2 spots: 4 4 spots: 9 6 spots: 10 8 spots: 5 10 spots: 1 Which statement best describes the variation shown?
6. A student says, "Plants get their mass mostly because they make matter during photosynthesis." Which response best corrects the student using the idea of matter cycling?
7. A diagram shows DNA packaging as: DNA double helix → DNA wrapped around histone proteins → coiled and folded → condensed chromosome. Which reason best explains why cells use this packaging?
8. Which statement correctly compares how matter and energy move through an ecosystem?
9. Two forests experience the same insect outbreak. Forest A's tree growth and canopy cover remain almost unchanged during the outbreak. Forest B's canopy cover drops noticeably, but within a few years it returns close to its earlier level. Which statement best distinguishes the forests?
10. A student goes for a run on a warm day. Before running, their body temperature is 37.0°C. After 15 minutes, it rises to 38.6°C. Thermoreceptors in the skin and brain detect the increase and the body responds by increasing sweating and widening blood vessels near the skin. Over the next 20 minutes, body temperature falls back to 37.2°C, and sweating decreases. Which option best traces how this feedback mechanism maintains internal stability?
11. During labor, uterine contractions begin. The contractions trigger the release of a signal that causes contractions to become stronger, which then triggers even more of the signal until birth occurs. Which type of feedback is described?
12. A single-gene trait in rabbits shows black fur (B) dominant over white fur (b). Two black rabbits have a white kit. Which conclusion is best supported?
13. In a mountain region, average temperatures rise over several decades. A plant species that used to grow at mid-elevations is now found mostly higher up the mountain, while populations at lower elevations decline. What is the most likely cause of this change?
14. Two populations of insects were tracked for the frequency of an allele (A) that provides pesticide resistance. Population 1 (A allele frequency): - Generation 0: 0.10 - Generation 5: 0.32 - Generation 10: 0.55 Population 2 (A allele frequency): - Generation 0: 0.10 - Generation 5: 0.12 - Generation 10: 0.20 Which statement best compares the rate and magnitude of evolutionary change?
15. A farmer grows Crop Variety A that contains many genetically different plants (high genetic diversity). Another farmer grows Crop Variety B where plants are nearly genetically identical (low genetic diversity). A new disease arrives; in Variety A, many plants survive, but in Variety B, almost all plants die. Which statement best links biodiversity to population stability in this example?
16. Claim: A closed terrarium can keep matter cycling internally, but it still needs an external energy source. A student observes a sealed terrarium with plants, decomposers, and small insects placed near a window: 1) The terrarium remains alive for months when it receives sunlight. 2) When the terrarium is moved into a dark closet for 3 weeks, plants die and insect activity drops sharply. 3) Condensation forms on the terrarium walls and later drips back into the soil. 4) The soil level stays about the same height. Which evidence best supports the part of the claim that energy must enter from outside?
17. Two lakes receive the same pollutant spill. Lake 1's oxygen levels drop sharply and stay low for many years. Lake 2's oxygen levels drop but return close to normal within a year after cleanup. Compared with Lake 1, Lake 2 has higher—
18. A student touches a hot pan and quickly pulls their hand away. How do the nervous and muscular systems work together to produce this quick response?
19. A school of small fish swims tightly together when a larger predator approaches. Compared with a single fish swimming alone, what is a key survival advantage of schooling behavior?
20. Cells do not release all the energy in glucose at once like a fire does. Why is the stepwise breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration important?

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