Practice Test 42 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

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1. The model includes both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which statement best matches what the model shows about energy flow?
2. In a dry environment with frequent droughts, plants with deep roots survive drought about 80% of the time and often produce seeds afterward. Plants with shallow roots survive drought about 20% of the time and rarely produce seeds afterward. Which choice best explains how deep roots affect fitness in this environment?
3. During childbirth, the baby's head stretches the cervix. Stretch receptors detect this and signal the release of oxytocin, which increases the strength and frequency of uterine contractions. Stronger contractions increase cervical stretch even more, leading to more oxytocin release. This cycle continues until the baby is delivered. Which option best explains why this is a positive feedback loop?
4. Which choice correctly matches the description: "a group of organs that work together to perform a major function"?
5. Claim: Decomposers recycle nutrients back into the soil, making them available to plants. A student compared two soil trays that each received the same mass of dead leaves. - Tray X: normal soil (with decomposers) - Tray Y: sterilized soil (decomposers killed) After 4 weeks, the student measured: 1) Nitrate (NO$_3^-$) in soil water: Tray X increased from 5 mg/L to 18 mg/L; Tray Y stayed near 5 mg/L. 2) Leaf litter mass: Tray X decreased by 60%; Tray Y decreased by 5%. 3) Bean seedlings grown afterward: average height in Tray X was 14 cm; in Tray Y was 6 cm. 4) Both trays were kept at the same temperature and received the same amount of water. Which option best evaluates the evidence for the claim?
6. A student compares two plant tissues: one tissue is rich in starch granules, and the other tissue has thick cell walls. Which pairing correctly connects the synthesized carbohydrate to its main function in the tissue?
7. A simplified nitrogen cycle diagram includes the arrow: Decomposers → Soil: NH$_4^+$ (ammonium) Which description best matches what is happening along this arrow?
8. In a population of mice, coat color affects survival on dark soil. Survival probabilities are: black coat 0.60 and tan coat 0.40. If these probabilities stay similar for many generations, what is the most likely trend in the population?
9. A food web includes berry bushes, insects, mice, snakes, hawks, and decomposer fungi. Mice eat berries and insects. Hawks eat mice and snakes. Which statement correctly describes the mouse's role based on how it gets energy and matter?
10. The circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels working together to transport materials throughout the body. What level of biological organization is the circulatory system?
11. A strawberry plant can reproduce in two ways: (1) by making flowers that form seeds after pollen and egg cells combine, and (2) by sending out runners that grow into new plants genetically identical to the original. Which statement correctly identifies the two methods?
12. A gene is a segment of DNA that provides instructions for making a specific product in the cell (often a protein). What makes one gene different from another gene?
13. A new four-lane highway is built through a continuous forest. Over time, scientists observe that small mammals on opposite sides of the highway rarely interbreed, and some species avoid the noisy edges near the road. Which outcome is most likely from this type of habitat change?
14. After eating a meal with bread and fruit, a student's energy level rises over the next hour. Which flowchart best models the interaction of systems that delivers nutrients from the meal to body cells?
15. In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). A heterozygous black rabbit is crossed with a white rabbit: $Bb \times bb$. What fraction of the offspring are expected to be white (bb)?
16. A bacterial population includes a rare mutation that makes some bacteria resistant to an antibiotic. When the antibiotic is used repeatedly over many bacterial generations, most non-resistant bacteria die, while resistant bacteria survive and divide. After many generations, resistant bacteria are common. Which explanation best describes how antibiotic resistance becomes an adaptation?
17. A farming region applies large amounts of fertilizer each spring. After heavy rains, runoff flows into a nearby lake. A few weeks later, the lake turns green with algae, and later in the summer many fish are found dead. What is the best explanation for the fish die-off?
18. In a lizard population, the percentage of individuals with a long tail was recorded over several generations. Generation 1: 49% long tail Generation 5: 51% long tail Generation 9: 50% long tail Generation 13: 48% long tail Generation 17: 50% long tail Based on these data, which statement is most accurate?
19. Which statement correctly describes how plants and animals depend on photosynthesis and cellular respiration? (Use the overall equations: photosynthesis makes glucose and $O_2$ from $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ using light; respiration uses glucose and $O_2$ to make ATP, producing $CO_2$ and $H_2O$.)
20. A fish population is tracked for the frequency of allele $M$ (a body pattern trait) over 25 years. 1995: 0.49 2000: 0.50 2005: 0.48 2010: 0.51 2015: 0.50 2020: 0.49 Which conclusion best fits the trend shown?

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