Practice Test 23 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

A lone antelope has a $1/10$ chance of being caught during a predator attack. In a herd, each antelope has a $1/50$ chance of being caught during a similar attack. Which benefit of group living does this best illustrate?
Which option best describes the role of a ribosome during translation?
In a grassland, grasses grow using sunlight. Grasshoppers eat the grasses. Birds eat the grasshoppers. When plants and animals die, decomposer bacteria and fungi break down the remains. What is the main role of decomposers in this ecosystem?
A room cools below the thermostat set point. The heater turns on, warming the room back toward the set point, and then turns off as the temperature approaches the set point. Which type of feedback does this model?
Two different flowering plants of the same species produce pollen and egg cells. After pollination and fertilization, seeds form. Compared with plants made by vegetative propagation (like growing a new potato plant from a tuber), seeds are more likely to:
A scientist proposes this simplified repair sequence after a small skin cut: 1) Cells near the cut divide. 2) New cells fill the gap. 3) The tissue regains normal function. Which improvement best completes the model to include differentiation appropriately?
A DNA template strand contains the sequence ATGC. During transcription, RNA nucleotides pair with the template strand (A-U, T-A, G-C, C-G) and RNA polymerase links them to form mRNA, which then separates from DNA. What mRNA sequence is produced from ATGC?
Claim: Two isolated populations of the same plant species are diverging (evolving differences) after being separated by a new highway. Evidence collected: 1) In 2012 (before highway), both sides had similar average flowering time (~day 120 of the year). In 2022, the north side averages day 112 and the south side averages day 128. 2) Seeds collected from both sides and grown in the same greenhouse still show the same flowering-time difference. 3) In 2022, plants on the north side are shorter on average because the soil is drier there. 4) A gardener moved one plant from south to north, and it flowered earlier the next year. Which evaluation best supports the claim of population-level evolutionary divergence?
Claim: Carbon is released back to the atmosphere by cellular respiration and decomposition. A lab group collected these results: 1) A respirometer with germinating seeds showed CO $_2$ production of 6 mL over 20 minutes. 2) A jar containing only moist soil (no added organic matter) showed little CO $_2$ change over 24 hours. 3) A jar containing moist soil + dead grass clippings showed CO $_2$ increased by 180 ppm over 24 hours. 4) The dead grass clippings were brown. Which evidence best supports the claim?
In a bird species, allele G is dominant over allele g. Two heterozygous parents are crossed: $Gg \times Gg$ . What is the expected phenotype ratio (dominant : recessive) among the offspring?
A room is heated above the thermostat setting. The thermostat turns the heater off, and the room cools back toward the set temperature. This is most like which type of biological feedback mechanism?
A mutation changes a gene's DNA sequence, and the altered gene is transcribed and translated. Which pathway correctly describes how this mutation can affect an organism's traits?
In winter, arctic hares with white fur are harder for predators to spot on snow, while brown-furred hares are easier to spot. In summer, when the ground is mostly brown, brown fur provides better camouflage than white fur. Which choice best describes how fur color relates to fitness?
Two desert sites have the same species richness (4 lizard species each). The counts below show the number of individuals of each species. Site M: L1 (25), L2 (24), L3 (26), L4 (25) Site N: L1 (90), L2 (5), L3 (3), L4 (2) Which statement is most accurate?
An orchard applies a broad-spectrum pesticide several times during the growing season. Soon after, fewer bees and other pollinators are seen in the area, and some nearby wildflowers produce fewer seeds. Which cause-and-effect relationship best explains the change in seed production?
During a 5-minute fast run, a student breathes faster and their leg muscles begin to feel tired. Which flowchart model best represents how body systems interact to deliver oxygen to the working muscles and remove carbon dioxide?
A class traces atoms through a simplified pathway: CO2 from the air is used to make glucose in a leaf. Later, some of the glucose is used to build cellulose in the cell wall. Which statement best describes the carbon atoms in cellulose?
Two models are shown in words: Model 1: Sun → light energy → chlorophyll → photosynthesis → glucose (stored chemical energy) Model 2: Sun → light energy → chlorophyll → photosynthesis → glucose → cellular respiration → ATP for cell work Which model more completely represents the flow of energy from sunlight to energy used by the plant's cells?
A student says, "The ribosome is the place where the code on mRNA is read to build a protein." What is the ribosome's main role in translation?
A plant makes glucose during the day and can still grow at night when there is no sunlight. Which idea best explains how photosynthesis supports growth when light is not present?

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