Practice Test 17 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

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1. A lake has 48,000 m² of suitable nesting/territory habitat for a certain bird species. Each breeding pair requires about 120 m² of territory. Assuming territory is the limiting factor, what is the carrying capacity (K) in breeding pairs?
2. Two populations of the same insect species were monitored for a pesticide-resistance allele ($r$). Population A lives in an area where the pesticide was never used; Population B lives in an area where the pesticide was applied every year. Allele frequency $f(r)$: - Population A: Year 0 = 0.03, Year 5 = 0.03, Year 10 = 0.02, Year 15 = 0.03 - Population B: Year 0 = 0.03, Year 5 = 0.21, Year 10 = 0.55, Year 15 = 0.77 Which statement best compares evolution in the two populations?
3. Which choice correctly matches each substance to its role in cellular respiration?
4. A teacher describes genes as instructions for building specific proteins. Which statement best matches this idea?
5. In an ecosystem model, producers are defined as organisms that build organic molecules using CO2 and water, powered by sunlight. Consumers are organisms that obtain energy and matter by eating other organisms. Which statement best distinguishes producers from consumers based on energy source and food source?
6. Hydrangea bushes with the same genotype are planted in two gardens. In Garden A (acidic soil), the flowers are blue. In Garden B (more alkaline soil), the flowers are pink. Which idea does this example best demonstrate?
7. A new skin cell is formed during growth. To function normally, it must (1) store genetic instructions, (2) build a boundary to separate inside from outside, and (3) carry out many chemical reactions. Which set of macromolecules must be synthesized to meet these needs?
8. A class measured the mass (g) of 40 seeds from one plant population. The results were grouped: Mass (g) → Number of seeds - 0.8–0.9: 2 - 0.9–1.0: 6 - 1.0–1.1: 14 - 1.1–1.2: 12 - 1.2–1.3: 5 - 1.3–1.4: 1 Which statement best matches the distribution pattern?
9. A student is studying a sample that includes epithelial tissue (lining), muscle tissue (churning), connective tissue (support), and nervous tissue (control) all working together in one structure. Which level of organization best fits this description?
10. A rabbit population in a meadow would increase rapidly if most rabbits survived to reproduce. After foxes move into the meadow, rabbit numbers stop rising and remain much lower than before, even though grass and water are still plentiful. Which factor is most directly limiting the rabbit population now?
11. A student tracks their blood glucose after lunch: - 0 minutes: 92 mg/dL - 30 minutes: 128 mg/dL - 60 minutes: 110 mg/dL - 120 minutes: 96 mg/dL Assuming insulin release is part of the response, which explanation best matches how negative feedback produces this pattern over time?
12. A cargo ship accidentally releases a non-native mussel into a freshwater lake. The mussel spreads quickly, attaches to hard surfaces, and outcompetes native mussels for food. Over time, native mussel numbers decline. Which human impact is being illustrated?
13. A mouse population includes light, medium, and dark fur color variants (fur color is heritable). The mice live on very light-colored sand, and hawks hunt them mainly by sight. Which fur color is most likely to increase in frequency over generations in this habitat, and why?
14. A gene contains the DNA coding sequence ATG GAA TTT (spaces show codons). A substitution mutation changes it to ATG GAC TTT (one base changed in the second codon). Which statement best describes the most likely effect on the protein? (Assume this is in a coding region and translation starts at ATG.)
15. In the model, point X is placed on the arrow from the Sun to the chloroplast. What form of energy is represented at point X?
16. Two grasslands are grazed heavily for one season. Grassland A loses much of its plant cover but regrows to near its original plant cover by the next growing season. Grassland B loses plant cover and remains sparsely vegetated for many years. Which comparison is most accurate?
17. A teacher describes DNA as two strands twisted into a double helix. The strands run in opposite directions (antiparallel). What does antiparallel mean in this context?
18. A plant cell has many glucose (C6H12O6) molecules available after photosynthesis. To store energy for later, the cell builds a large carbohydrate called starch. Which statement best describes how starch is synthesized from glucose?
19. A teacher shows four cell types: muscle cells (contract), nerve cells (signal), red blood cells (carry oxygen), and skin cells (protect). Students are told that all these cells contain the same DNA. Which statement best explains why each cell type has a different job?
20. Two different mRNA molecules have different sequences of codons. Which statement best describes what this means for the proteins produced by translation?

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