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Practice Test 14 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

  1. A structure is described as being made of two or more different tissue types that work together to perform a specific job (for example, churning and mixing food). Which level of biological organization is being described?
  2. A DNA study compares several species to humans and finds these approximate DNA similarities: chimpanzee 98%, gorilla 96%, dog 84%, chicken 65%. Which conclusion best explains how this molecular evidence supports common ancestry?
  3. A fish population includes individuals with a thick scale layer and individuals with a thin scale layer (a heritable difference). In a lake where a parasitic worm attaches to fish skin, thick scales reduce attachment. In a nearby lake without the parasite, thick scales require extra energy to produce. Which statement best describes how relative fitness depends on the environment?
  4. Elephants often live in herds where older individuals lead the group to water sources during dry seasons, and several adults may help protect and care for calves. Which combination of benefits of group living is best shown by this example?
  5. A model is being made for introducing an invasive species (e.g., a non-native snake on an island). Which flowchart best shows the mechanism leading to native species decline and reduced biodiversity?
  6. In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant over white flowers (p). Two heterozygous plants are crossed: Pp×PpPp \times Pp. What is the probability that an offspring will have white flowers?​
  7. In a certain plant, tall (T) is dominant over short (t). A homozygous tall plant is crossed with a heterozygous tall plant: TT×TtTT \times Tt. What is the probability that an offspring will be short?​
  8. A kelp forest was disturbed by a marine heatwave (Year 0). Scientists tracked kelp canopy cover and sea urchin density (urchins per 10 m2^2). Data: - Pre-heatwave: Kelp cover 70%; Urchins 4 - Year 1: Kelp cover 15%; Urchins 18 - Year 3: Kelp cover 20%; Urchins 16 - Year 6: Kelp cover 25%; Urchins 14 Which conclusion is best supported about recovery by Year 6?​
  9. In a plant population, individuals with a waxy-leaf trait produce on average 2 times as many seeds as individuals without waxy leaves. If the environment stays the same for many generations, what is the most likely change in the waxy-leaf trait frequency?
  10. A cell is performing aerobic cellular respiration. Which statement correctly describes the role of ATP in this process?
  11. In transcription, RNA nucleotides pair with DNA bases on the template strand. Which base-pairing rule is correct for transcription?
  12. A small island has many native plants found nowhere else. An invasive goat population is overgrazing and preventing young plants from growing. Managers propose removing goats and fencing sensitive areas while native plants recover. What is the best scientific assessment of this approach for preserving island plant biodiversity?
  13. Humans have a tailbone (coccyx) that is a small set of fused vertebrae at the base of the spine. In other mammals, similar vertebrae form a functional tail. In humans, the tailbone does not form a tail. This is best described as which evidence for evolution?
  14. Complete the overall cellular respiration equation by choosing the correct products: C6H12O6+6O2→‾\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow \underline{\hspace{3cm}}}
  15. Claim: Carbon cycles between organisms and the atmosphere. A class lists observations: 1) CO2_2 decreases near a well-lit plant during the day. 2) CO2_2 increases near the same plant at night. 3) CO2_2 increases in a container with mushrooms growing on dead wood. 4) Plants grow toward a light source. Which observation is least relevant to evaluating the claim?
  16. Claim: Group living increases reproductive success because individuals can help care for offspring. Evidence: - Study X compared two closely related bird species in the same region: - Species A (group-living with helpers at the nest): average 3.2 fledglings per nest. - Species B (pairs only, no helpers): average 2.9 fledglings per nest. - However, Species A nests were mostly in areas with fewer nest predators, while Species B nests were mostly in areas with more predators. What is the best evaluation of this evidence?
  17. Which option best defines cell differentiation?
  18. A line of ants finds a large dead insect. Several ants pull from the front while others push from behind, and the group moves the insect toward the nest. A single ant cannot move the insect at all. Which statement best explains the advantage of this cooperative behavior?
  19. A student draws a simple flowchart for growth and repair: Stem cell mitosis two daughter cells (one path continues dividing; the other becomes a specialized tissue cell) Which statement best interprets the flowchart's meaning for how tissues can both maintain themselves and produce specialized cells?
  20. After a sugary snack, a person's blood glucose level rises above normal. The body responds by increasing glucose uptake into cells, causing blood glucose to fall back toward normal. Which type of feedback mechanism is this?

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