Practice Test 13 - High School Biology

20 questions. Answer them in any order, then submit to see your score and every explanation.

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1. A city expands outward, replacing fields and small woodlots with housing developments and parking lots. A local amphibian population declines because individuals are often unable to reach breeding ponds. Which human impact best explains the amphibian decline?
2. Which statement best summarizes how matter and energy behave across photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Photosynthesis: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O +$ light $\rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$ Cellular respiration: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O +$ ATP
3. All known organisms use DNA (or RNA) and largely the same genetic code to translate codons into amino acids. Which conclusion best explains why this is considered evidence for common ancestry?
4. A student claims, "Photosynthesis makes energy for the plant." Which correction best matches the idea of energy conservation during photosynthesis?
5. Which option best matches the correct order of events in a typical homeostatic (negative feedback) loop for an internal condition such as temperature or glucose? 1) A response changes the condition 2) A sensor detects the current condition 3) A control center compares the value to a set point and signals a response
6. Which statement best explains why heritable variation is necessary for natural selection to occur in a population?
7. A river receives industrial wastewater. You want a narrative model that traces how this human activity can lead to biodiversity loss in the river ecosystem. Which pathway is most biologically reasonable and complete?
8. A grassland produces about 12,500 kg of grazeable grass per month. Each antelope needs about 250 kg of grass per month. If grass is the limiting resource, what is the carrying capacity $K$ for antelope?
9. In a bacterial culture, 1% of cells are resistant to a new antibiotic due to a pre-existing heritable mutation. After treatment, nearly all susceptible cells die, and the resistant cells reproduce. After many generations, 90% of the culture is resistant. Which statement best explains why resistance increased to 90%?
10. Two populations of lizards were measured for body length. Population A lengths (cm): minimum 9, maximum 18 Population B lengths (cm): minimum 12, maximum 15 Which population shows more variation in body length, based on range?
11. A fossil sequence in older-to-younger rock layers shows: 1) reptiles with jaw bones adapted for chewing, 2) later fossils with smaller jaw bones and larger middle-ear bones, 3) mammals with three middle-ear bones and a single lower jaw bone. What is the best explanation for how this fossil pattern supports evolution?
12. A cell has two groups of chromosomes at opposite ends. New nuclear envelopes are forming around each group, and the chromosomes are beginning to uncoil and become less distinct. Which stage is being described?
13. In the combined carbon-and-energy model, which arrow best represents matter cycling rather than energy flow?
14. A student says: "One glucose molecule can be turned into starch." Which response best corrects the student using the idea of monomers and polymers?
15. A student says, "Plants make their own food using sunlight." How is light energy from the Sun converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis?
16. A DNA coding sequence includes the codon GAA. A mutation changes it to GAG. This is a substitution. Which statement best explains why this mutation might have no effect on the protein?
17. DNA can be compared to written language: letters form words, and words form sentences. In this analogy, what is most like the "letters" that store information in DNA?
18. In a simple Mendelian trait, allele $B$ (brown eyes) is dominant over allele $b$ (blue eyes). Two parents both have genotype $Bb$. Which statement best describes how their child's eye-color trait is determined?
19. A dehydrated person has blood water levels that fall below normal. The body responds by producing more concentrated urine, conserving water so blood water levels rise toward normal. Which type of feedback loop is this?
20. Which statement best describes a typical difference between a stem cell and a fully differentiated cell in the same organism?

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