Writing Simple Sentences — I can write simple sentences using familiar present-tense structures.

The French language has a long and fascinating history that stretches back more than a thousand years. It evolved from Vulgar Latin, the everyday spoken language of Roman soldiers and traders, rather than the formal Latin of scholars and senators. Over centuries, as communities across what is now France adapted Latin to their own speech patterns, a distinct Romance language emerged. Understanding this evolution helps explain why French sentence structure — subject, then verb, then complement — mirrors a logical pattern that has remained remarkably stable since the medieval period.

Why does this history matter for you right now? Because the same subject-verb-complement order that medieval scribes used is the exact pattern you will learn in this lesson. French sentence structure has been refined over centuries, and the present tense — called the présent de l'indicatif — is the foundation upon which all other tenses are built. Once you can confidently write simple present-tense sentences, you have the key to unlocking the rest of the language.

A simple sentence in French follows a predictable architecture. If you understand the role of each building block, you can generate hundreds of original sentences on your own. The four core principles below will serve as your blueprint for every sentence you write in this lesson and beyond.

The diagram below maps out the anatomy of a simple French sentence. Notice how each slot in the sentence corresponds to a specific grammatical role. The color coding will carry through the entire lesson, so keep these associations in mind as you practice.

As you can see, the violet box holds the subject, which tells us who or what performs the action. The cyan box holds the conjugated verb, whose ending changes depending on the subject. Finally, the pink box holds the complement — any additional information such as a direct object, an adjective, or an adverb. This three-part framework is the skeleton of every simple French sentence you will write.

The heart of every French sentence is the verb, and conjugating a verb correctly is the skill that transforms a random collection of words into a meaningful statement. In the present tense, you start with the infinitive — the base form of the verb you find in a dictionary (like parler, finir, or vendre). You then remove the infinitive ending (-er, -ir, or -re) to reveal the stem, and attach the appropriate present-tense ending based on the subject pronoun.

Regular -ER Verbs (First Group)

Regular -IR and -RE Verbs

French regular verbs are divided into three groups based on their infinitive endings. The vast majority of verbs you will encounter in French 1 belong to the first group (-ER), which is by far the largest family. The diagram below provides a visual comparison of all three groups, showing how each one transforms from infinitive to conjugated form.

A key detail to notice is that the -IR group inserts "-iss-" before the endings in the plural forms (nous, vous, ils/elles). This is what distinguishes regular -IR verbs from irregular ones. Meanwhile, the -RE group has one quirk: the third-person singular (il/elle/on) takes no ending at all — just the bare stem. These small details become second nature with practice.

Let's walk through writing a complete French sentence from scratch. Suppose you want to say: "We listen to music at home." Follow the steps below to construct the French equivalent.

Even when you understand the rules, certain patterns in English can trick you into making errors in French. The table below highlights the most frequent mistakes beginners make when writing simple present-tense sentences, along with the corrected versions and explanations.

The present tense is not just useful on its own — it is the foundation for almost every other tense in French. Once you have mastered writing simple sentences in the présent de l'indicatif, you will find that more advanced constructions are built on the same principles. The table below shows how the present tense connects to structures you will encounter later in your French studies.

As you can see, the simple sentence you learn today is literally embedded inside more complex sentences you will write tomorrow. The near future tense conjugates "aller" in the present and pairs it with an infinitive. The passé composé conjugates a helper verb ("avoir" or "être") in the present. Even negation simply adds two small words around your already-conjugated verb. Master the present, and the rest becomes much more manageable.

Test your understanding with the five problems below. They progress from conceptual recall to creative sentence building. Try writing your answer before checking the solution.