Research Integrity - Eppp Skills

Identify the unethical authorship practice: adding a senior person who did not contribute.

Gift (honorary) authorship. Gift authorship dilutes credit standards and violates ethical guidelines on merit-based recognition.
What is plagiarism in research and scholarship?

Presenting others' words, ideas, or data as one's own without credit. Plagiarism undermines intellectual property rights and the foundational trust in academic contributions.
Identify the key condition that makes deception in research ethically acceptable.

No feasible alternative and prompt debriefing with minimal risk. Deception is permissible only when essential for validity, risks are low, and participants are debriefed to mitigate harm.
Which Belmont principle requires honoring autonomy through informed consent?

Respect for persons. Respect for persons upholds individual autonomy and protects those with limited decision-making capacity.
What is the most appropriate action if an adverse event occurs during a study?

Ensure safety, document, and promptly report per IRB requirements. Adverse events must be handled promptly to protect participants and comply with regulatory reporting obligations.
What term describes an agreement to participate after adequate information and comprehension?

Informed consent. Informed consent ensures participants understand study details, risks, and rights before agreeing voluntarily.
What is the authorship criterion that must be met to ethically claim authorship on a paper?

Substantial scholarly contribution and accountability for the work. Authorship requires meaningful input and responsibility to fairly credit contributions and maintain accountability.
Identify the ethical problem: selectively reporting only significant outcomes from many tests.

Questionable research practice (selective reporting or $p$ -hacking). Selective reporting biases scientific literature by inflating false positives, constituting a questionable practice.
What is the ethical requirement for data retention and sharing in research?

Store securely and retain as required; share only with proper safeguards. Secure retention preserves data integrity for verification, while safeguarded sharing advances open science ethically.
What is the ethical obligation when using copyrighted tests, measures, or stimuli in research?

Obtain permission or license and provide appropriate attribution. Permission and attribution respect intellectual property laws and ethical norms in scholarly work.
Which option is the best practice to prevent selective outcome reporting before data collection?

Preregister hypotheses, outcomes, and analysis plan. Preregistration promotes transparency and reduces bias by committing to plans before data influence decisions.
What is the ethical rule for payments to research participants?

Compensation must not be coercive and should be prorated when feasible. Payments should reimburse without pressuring participation, with proration encouraging completion ethically.
What is the primary purpose of IRB review in human participants research?

Protect participants by ensuring ethical, compliant research. IRB oversight verifies that studies adhere to federal regulations and ethical standards to safeguard human subjects' rights and welfare.
What is the definition of research misconduct in scholarship?

Fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism (FFP). FFP constitutes serious deviations from accepted practices that undermine the integrity of scientific knowledge.
What is fabrication in research misconduct?

Making up data or results and recording or reporting them. Fabrication intentionally creates false information, eroding trust in research findings and violating scholarly ethics.
Which Belmont principle requires equitable selection of research participants?

Justice. Justice ensures fair distribution of research burdens and benefits across populations without exploitation.
Identify the best action when a conflict of interest could bias a study's design or reporting.

Disclose and manage the conflict; recuse if it cannot be managed. Disclosure and management of conflicts prevent bias, ensuring research objectivity and public trust.
What is the ethical purpose of debriefing participants after deception is used?

Explain deception, restore autonomy, and address distress or questions. Debriefing after deception restores trust by revealing true study purposes and allowing participants to withdraw data.
What is falsification in research misconduct?

Manipulating methods or data so results are misrepresented. Falsification distorts the research record, leading to invalid conclusions and breaching ethical standards.
What is the difference between confidentiality and anonymity in research?

Confidentiality limits access; anonymity means no identifiers exist. Confidentiality protects identifiable data from unauthorized access, while anonymity prevents any linkage to individuals.
What is the ethical requirement when recruiting from populations with diminished autonomy?

Use additional safeguards and obtain permission/assent as applicable. Vulnerable groups require extra protections to ensure their participation is voluntary and not exploitative.
What is the required core element of informed consent regarding participation?

Participation is voluntary and may be withdrawn without penalty. Informed consent requires clear communication that involvement is optional to respect participant autonomy.
Which option best defines undue influence in research recruitment?

An excessive or inappropriate inducement that impairs voluntariness. Undue influence occurs when incentives compromise free choice, violating the principle of voluntary participation.
Which Belmont principle requires maximizing benefits and minimizing harms in research?

Beneficence. Beneficence mandates researchers to promote participant well-being by balancing potential benefits against risks.

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