Intervention Evaluation - Eppp Skills

1. Which action is most appropriate when routine monitoring shows reliable deterioration?

   Reassess risk and modify or intensify the treatment plan. Upon detecting worsening, ethical practice requires risk evaluation and plan alterations to prevent harm and promote recovery.

2. Identify the correct decision when session ratings show improvement for $2$ sessions then plateau for $6$ sessions.

   Revise case formulation and modify the intervention plan. Plateauing after initial gains signals stalled progress, necessitating updated conceptualization and tailored adjustments.

3. Which construct should be monitored to evaluate whether the intervention is delivered as intended?

   Treatment fidelity (adherence and competence). Fidelity monitoring ensures the intervention is implemented correctly, linking outcomes to proper delivery rather than flaws.

4. What is the formula for percent improvement from baseline $B$ to follow-up $F$?

   $\frac{B-F}{B}\times 100\%$. This formula quantifies relative reduction in symptoms or behaviors, assuming lower follow-up scores indicate improvement.

5. Identify the correct interpretation of a flat outcome trajectory across sessions despite adherence.

   Nonresponse (no meaningful improvement over time). A flat trajectory suggests the intervention fails to produce expected changes, indicating potential need for reevaluation.

6. Which evaluation approach repeatedly measures client outcomes during treatment to guide changes?

   Measurement-based care (routine outcome monitoring). This method systematically tracks client progress to enable data-driven modifications for better therapeutic results.

7. What is the term for a client completing therapeutic tasks between sessions used to gauge engagement?

   Homework adherence (treatment engagement indicator). Homework completion reflects client involvement, predicting better outcomes by reinforcing skills outside sessions.

8. What is the primary purpose of continuous intervention evaluation during psychotherapy?

   To inform timely treatment adjustments and improve outcomes. Ongoing evaluation provides real-time data on client progress, allowing therapists to adapt strategies and enhance efficacy.

9. What is the term for introducing an intervention, withdrawing it, then reintroducing it to test effects?

   Reversal design (e.g., $A B A B$). This design demonstrates causality by showing behavior changes align with the presence and absence of the intervention.

10. Which design best supports causal inference when evaluating one client's intervention effects?

    Single-case experimental design (SCED). SCED uses repeated measures and controlled manipulations to establish cause-effect relationships in individual cases.

11. What is the term for a preplanned, quantifiable indicator used to judge intervention success?

    Outcome measure. It serves as a predefined metric to objectively assess whether therapeutic goals have been achieved post-intervention.

12. Compute percent improvement when baseline $B=40$ and follow-up $F=30$ using $\frac{B-F}{B}\times 100\%$.

    $25\%$. The formula yields 25% improvement, demonstrating proportional change in scores for evaluating intervention impact.

13. What is the term for a measure that tracks change during treatment (not only at baseline and end)?

    Progress measure. Such measures capture ongoing fluctuations in client status, facilitating timely adjustments throughout the therapy process.

14. Which psychometric property indicates that an outcome measure yields consistent scores over time?

    Reliability (e.g., test–retest reliability). Reliability ensures stable and reproducible results, crucial for accurately tracking changes in client outcomes over sessions.

15. Choose the correct next step when outcomes improve but functional impairment remains high.

    Add functional outcome targets and adjust intervention focus. When symptoms decrease but daily functioning lags, incorporating functional goals refines the approach to address broader impacts.

16. In SCEDs, what is the intervention phase typically labeled, after baseline measurement?

    Phase B (intervention). The intervention phase applies the treatment while continuing measurements to observe changes from baseline.

17. What is the term for systematic measurement error that distorts outcome monitoring results?

    Bias. Bias introduces consistent distortions, leading to inaccurate interpretations of intervention effectiveness in monitoring.

18. What is the term for staggering intervention start times across behaviors/settings/clients to show control?

    Multiple baseline design. It establishes experimental control by varying intervention onset, ruling out confounding variables across elements.

19. What is the term for symptom worsening during treatment relative to baseline trend?

    Deterioration. Deterioration reflects a negative treatment response, where symptoms increase beyond baseline levels during therapy.

20. Compute percent improvement when baseline $B=20$ and follow-up $F=15$ using $\frac{B-F}{B}\times 100\%$.

    $25\%$. The calculation shows a 25% reduction, applying the formula to quantify improvement from baseline to follow-up.

21. What is the term for a statistically reliable change beyond measurement error in repeated outcomes?

    Reliable change. Reliable change uses statistical criteria to confirm that observed differences exceed expected variability from error.

22. In SCEDs, what is the baseline phase typically labeled, before intervention begins?

    Phase A (baseline). The baseline phase establishes pre-intervention levels of the target behavior for comparison with treatment effects.

23. Which type of measure best detects rapid week-to-week change in symptoms during treatment?

    Brief, session-by-session standardized rating scale. These scales are sensitive to short-term fluctuations, enabling detection of subtle progress or setbacks between visits.

24. What is the term for a clinically meaningful change that returns functioning toward nonclinical levels?

    Clinical significance. Clinical significance evaluates real-world impact, often by comparing post-treatment scores to normative functioning ranges.

25. Which psychometric property indicates that an outcome measure assesses the intended construct?

    Validity. Validity confirms that the tool accurately captures the targeted psychological or behavioral changes intended by the intervention.

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