Psychopathology Models - Eppp Knowledge
- What does the ecological systems model (Bronfenbrenner) emphasize in psychopathology risk?
- Multi-level contexts (micro to macro) interact across development. Bronfenbrenner's theory examines how nested environmental systems dynamically affect psychological development and vulnerability.
- What is the key idea of the developmental psychopathology perspective?
- Psychopathology reflects atypical development, with continuity and change over time. It views disorders as deviations in normal developmental trajectories, emphasizing longitudinal processes and resilience factors.
- What does the sociocultural model emphasize when explaining psychopathology?
- Culture, social roles, discrimination, and context shape distress and symptoms. This framework accounts for how societal structures and cultural values influence the expression and interpretation of mental distress.
- Identify the model: symptoms persist because avoidance is negatively reinforced by anxiety reduction.
- Behavioral (learning/conditioning) model. This exemplifies operant conditioning where escape from aversive stimuli reinforces maladaptive behaviors like phobic avoidance.
- Identify the model: a child's problems are best understood as serving a family homeostatic role.
- Family systems model. Systemic theory views individual symptoms as functional within the family unit, maintaining equilibrium through roles and rules.
- Which model most directly explains group differences in diagnosis via stigma, power, and norms?
- Sociocultural model. It addresses how cultural and societal factors contribute to disparities in mental health outcomes across populations.
- What is the primary causal emphasis of the biomedical model of psychopathology?
- Mental disorders are primarily due to biological pathology (genes, brain, physiology). This approach reduces mental illness to physical causes, emphasizing medical interventions like medication over psychosocial factors.
- What does the evolutionary model propose about some psychological symptoms?
- Some symptoms reflect maladaptive extremes of once-adaptive mechanisms. It suggests that certain disorders represent exaggerated or contextually inappropriate versions of evolved survival strategies.
- What does the humanistic model emphasize as a cause of psychopathology?
- Incongruence and blocked self-actualization due to conditional acceptance. Drawing from Rogers' theory, it attributes pathology to discrepancies between one's true self and externally imposed conditions of worth.
- Identify the model: symptoms are maintained by automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions.
- Cognitive model. Beck's theory posits that biased interpretations and schemas generate and perpetuate negative emotional states and behaviors.
- Identify the model: mental disorder is explained by neurotransmitter dysregulation and genetics.
- Biomedical (biological) model. It attributes disorders to physiological imbalances, supporting treatments targeting brain chemistry and heredity.
- What does the family systems model view as the function of an identified patient's symptoms?
- Symptoms help maintain family homeostasis and systemic interaction patterns. It conceptualizes individual pathology as serving to stabilize dysfunctional family dynamics and boundaries.
- What is the central claim of the interpersonal model of psychopathology?
- Symptoms arise from maladaptive relational patterns and social interactions. This perspective sees mental issues as emerging from dysfunctional communication and relationships within social networks.
- What does the cognitive model propose as the key driver of psychopathology?
- Distorted beliefs and information-processing biases maintain symptoms. It highlights how irrational thinking patterns and perceptual errors perpetuate emotional and behavioral disturbances.
- Identify the model: vulnerability (e.g., genetic risk) leads to disorder only after major stress.
- Diathesis–stress model. This interactive model requires both predisposition and precipitating factors for onset, explaining variable expression of risks.
- What is the main concept of the cognitive-behavioral model (CBT) for psychopathology?
- Thoughts, behaviors, and learning processes reciprocally maintain symptoms. Integrating cognitive and behavioral elements, it describes a cycle where cognitions influence actions and vice versa in sustaining pathology.
- What does the behavioral model identify as the primary mechanism producing symptoms?
- Maladaptive learning via conditioning and reinforcement contingencies. Based on principles of operant and classical conditioning, it attributes disorders to learned responses that become dysfunctional.
- What is the main focus of the psychodynamic model in explaining psychopathology?
- Unconscious conflict and early relationships shape symptoms and defenses. Rooted in Freudian theory, it views symptoms as manifestations of unresolved internal struggles from childhood experiences.
- Identify the model: symptoms reflect unconscious conflict managed through defense mechanisms.
- Psychodynamic model. Freudian concepts explain symptoms as compromises between repressed impulses and ego defenses to manage anxiety.
- Which model best integrates genes, cognition, behavior, and social context into one framework?
- Biopsychosocial model. This comprehensive framework synthesizes diverse etiological factors, promoting multifaceted assessment and intervention.
- What does the neurodevelopmental model emphasize about the origins of some disorders?
- Early brain development deviations confer later risk for psychopathology. This approach focuses on prenatal and early neural anomalies that predispose individuals to conditions like autism or schizophrenia.
- Identify the model: distress is linked to incongruence between self-concept and experience.
- Humanistic (client-centered) model. Rogers' approach links psychological distress to a mismatch between one's perceived self and actual experiences, hindering growth.
- What is the core assumption of the diathesis–stress model of psychopathology?
- Disorder results from vulnerability interacting with environmental stressors. This model posits that inherent predispositions require triggering events to manifest as mental disorders, integrating nature and nurture.
- What does attachment theory emphasize as a pathway to later psychopathology?
- Insecure attachment yields maladaptive emotion regulation and relationships. Bowlby's framework links early caregiver bonds to lifelong patterns of emotional control and interpersonal functioning.
- What does the biopsychosocial model propose as the best explanation for psychopathology?
- Psychopathology reflects interacting biological, psychological, and social factors. It integrates multiple domains to provide a holistic view, avoiding reductionism by considering all influences on mental health.