Motivation Models - Eppp Knowledge

1. What is identified regulation in SDT's extrinsic motivation continuum?

   Behavior chosen because the person consciously values the goal. Identified regulation reflects personal endorsement of the activity's importance, increasing autonomy in SDT's framework.

2. What is self-determination theory (SDT) primarily concerned with?

   Quality of motivation based on autonomy and internalization of regulation. SDT focuses on how motivational types vary in autonomy, promoting optimal functioning through need satisfaction.

3. What is extrinsic motivation in the intrinsic versus extrinsic distinction?

   Motivation driven by external outcomes such as rewards, grades, or approval. This type stems from anticipated external incentives or consequences, contrasting with internal drivers.

4. What does expectancy mean in expectancy-value theory?

   Belief about the likelihood of success on the task. Expectancy reflects one's confidence in achieving the desired outcome, a key component influencing overall motivation in the theory.

5. What is external regulation in SDT's extrinsic motivation continuum?

   Behavior controlled by external rewards, punishments, or demands. This least autonomous form relies on contingencies outside the self, positioned at the controlled end of SDT's continuum.

6. What is introjected regulation in SDT's extrinsic motivation continuum?

   Behavior driven by internal pressures (guilt, shame, ego involvement). Introjected regulation involves partial internalization, motivated by self-imposed pressures to maintain self-worth in SDT.

7. Identify the model that emphasizes autonomy, competence, and relatedness as drivers of motivation quality.

   Self-determination theory. SDT uniquely posits these needs as universal for fostering high-quality, self-regulated motivation.

8. What does value mean in expectancy-value theory?

   Perceived importance, usefulness, interest, or benefit of the task. Value encompasses the subjective worth assigned to the task, which multiplies with expectancy to predict motivational levels.

9. What is the defining feature of intrinsic motivation in self-determination theory?

   Engaging in an activity for inherent satisfaction and interest. In SDT, this aligns with fully autonomous motivation, driven by the activity's inherent appeal rather than external factors.

10. What is amotivation in self-determination theory?

    Lack of intention to act due to no value, no efficacy, or no control. Amotivation represents the absence of motivational drive, occurring when basic needs are thwarted in SDT.

11. What does autonomy mean in self-determination theory?

    Experiencing volition and choice; behavior feels self-endorsed. Autonomy fulfills the need for self-direction, fostering more internalized and sustained motivation in SDT.

12. What is the core prediction of expectancy-value theory for motivation or choice?

    Motivation increases as expectancy and task value increase. The theory posits a multiplicative relationship where higher levels of both factors enhance engagement and persistence.

13. Choose the term for doing a task to avoid guilt and protect self-esteem in SDT.

    Introjected regulation. This partially internalized form uses contingent self-approval to regulate behavior in SDT's continuum.

14. What are the three basic psychological needs in self-determination theory?

    Autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These innate needs support autonomous motivation and well-being when fulfilled, according to SDT's framework.

15. Which SDT regulation type is most autonomous while still extrinsic: external, introjected, identified, or integrated?

    Integrated regulation. Among extrinsic types, it represents the highest level of internalization and autonomy in SDT's continuum.

16. Which option best distinguishes intrinsic from extrinsic motivation: locus of cause or level of effort?

    Locus of cause (internal enjoyment versus external outcomes). The distinction hinges on whether the motivational source is internal or external, not merely the intensity of effort exerted.

17. Choose the term for doing a task because it fits personal values, even if not enjoyable, in SDT.

    Identified regulation. This regulation type involves conscious valuation, making it more autonomous than introjected in SDT.

18. Which SDT regulation type is least autonomous among extrinsic forms: external, introjected, identified, or integrated?

    External regulation. This type exhibits the most external control and least autonomy within SDT's extrinsic motivation spectrum.

19. What is intrinsic motivation in the intrinsic versus extrinsic distinction?

    Motivation driven by inherent interest or enjoyment of the activity itself. This form arises from personal fulfillment within the task, distinguishing it from motivations reliant on outside factors.

20. Which option best describes the intrinsic–extrinsic distinction: source of reinforcement or probability of success?

    Source of reinforcement (inherent satisfaction versus external consequences). The distinction centers on whether reinforcement comes from the activity itself or from separable outcomes.

21. What does relatedness mean in self-determination theory?

    Feeling connected to, cared for by, and significant to others. Relatedness meets the human need for social bonds, which supports motivation through feelings of belonging.

22. Identify the best model-based prediction: low expectancy and high value will produce what in expectancy-value theory?

    Lower motivation than when both expectancy and value are high. In the theory, motivation is a product of both factors, so deficiency in one diminishes overall drive.

23. What is integrated regulation in SDT's extrinsic motivation continuum?

    Behavior aligned with one's values and identity; highly internalized. Integrated regulation achieves full internalization, harmonizing the behavior with one's broader self-concept in SDT.

24. What does competence mean in self-determination theory?

    Feeling effective and capable of mastering tasks and challenges. Competence satisfies the drive for mastery, enhancing motivation by building a sense of efficacy in activities.

25. Identify the model most focused on beliefs about success and perceived importance of a task.

    Expectancy-value theory. This model integrates cognitive evaluations of probability and worth to explain task engagement and choice.

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