Group Influence Models - Eppp Knowledge

1. What is normative social influence (core definition)?

   Conforming to gain approval or avoid rejection. It motivates conformity through social rewards or punishments, emphasizing belongingness over informational accuracy.

2. What is the peripheral route in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

   Attitude change via cues (e.g., attractiveness) not argument quality. In ELM, it relies on superficial heuristics like source credibility, resulting in weaker, less persistent attitude shifts.

3. What is informational social influence (core definition)?

   Conforming because others are seen as a source of reality. It drives conformity when ambiguity leads individuals to rely on others' behaviors as guides to reality.

4. What is obedience in social psychology (core definition for EPPP)?

   Complying with a direct order from an authority figure. This reflects direct submission to authority commands, exemplified by Milgram's shock experiments showing high compliance rates.

5. In the Theory of Planned Behavior, what is perceived behavioral control?

   Perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior. In TPB, it influences intentions and behavior by reflecting beliefs about controllability and self-efficacy in executing actions.

6. What is internalization as a social influence process (Kelman)?

   Adopting attitudes because they align with personal values. In Kelman's framework, it leads to enduring change by integrating ideas into one's value system, beyond relational or coercive influences.

7. In Milgram-type obedience findings, which factor most reliably reduces obedience: proximity to victim or remote victim?

   Proximity to the victim (closer victim reduces obedience). Milgram's variations showed that increased victim proximity heightens empathy and moral conflict, thereby decreasing obedience rates.

8. Which ELM route is more likely when motivation or ability is low: central or peripheral?

   Peripheral route. Low resources shift focus to superficial cues, making this route dominant for quick but less stable attitude changes in ELM.

9. What is conformity in social psychology (core definition for EPPP)?

   Adjusting behavior or beliefs to match group norms. This captures the essence of yielding to real or imagined group pressure, as in Asch's experiments where participants matched majority judgments.

10. What is private acceptance (in conformity research) as distinct from public compliance?

    Internal belief change consistent with the group. It involves true internalization of group views, leading to lasting change beyond mere outward behavior.

11. What is identification as a social influence process (Kelman)?

    Adopting behavior to maintain a desired relationship or role. In Kelman's model, it involves adopting behaviors to sustain valued social connections, deeper than compliance but less than internalization.

12. What is the central route in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

    Attitude change via careful, effortful evaluation of arguments. In ELM, it involves systematic processing of message content, leading to stronger, more resistant attitude changes when motivated.

13. Which term fits: outwardly agrees with group but privately disagrees (public compliance or private acceptance)?

    Public compliance. This describes superficial agreement driven by external pressures, lacking the internal conviction of true acceptance.

14. Which influence type is best indicated by "Do this now" from a superior: persuasion, conformity, or obedience?

    Obedience. Such commands from authority elicit direct compliance, contrasting with persuasion's argumentative appeals or conformity's norm alignment.

15. What is public compliance (in conformity research) as distinct from private acceptance?

    Outward agreement without internal belief change. It represents superficial behavioral alignment under social pressure, without genuine attitude shift, as opposed to deeper acceptance.

16. What is social influence as an umbrella term in social psychology?

    How others affect thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This broad term encompasses various ways social contexts shape individual responses, including conformity, obedience, and persuasion.

17. What is the Theory of Planned Behavior: the immediate predictor of behavior?

    Behavioral intention. In TPB, it directly precedes action, formed by attitudes, norms, and control perceptions to predict volitional behaviors.

18. Which concept is defined as yielding to a request without an explicit order: conformity, persuasion, or compliance?

    Compliance. It involves acceding to an explicit request, distinguishing it from conformity's norm-matching without requests or persuasion's message-based change.

19. Which influence type involves matching group norms without a direct request: conformity, compliance, or obedience?

    Conformity. It occurs through implicit group pressure without requests, unlike compliance or obedience which involve direct appeals or commands.

20. What is persuasion in social psychology (core definition for EPPP)?

    Attitude change due to a message from a communicator. This involves altering attitudes through exposure to compelling messages, often analyzed via models like ELM.

21. Which influence process is most stable over time: compliance, identification, or internalization?

    Internalization. It produces the most persistent changes by aligning with personal values, unlike the temporary effects of compliance or identification.

22. What is the social impact theory claim about influence as a function of strength, immediacy, and number?

    Influence increases with source strength, immediacy, and number. Latané's theory posits multiplicative effects where stronger, closer, and more numerous sources amplify social influence on targets.

23. Which influence type is driven by uncertainty about correct behavior: normative or informational social influence?

    Informational social influence. It occurs when ambiguity prompts reliance on group consensus for accurate interpretations, prioritizing information over acceptance.

24. Which ELM route is more likely when motivation and ability are high: central or peripheral?

    Central route. High motivation and ability enable deep processing of arguments, favoring this route for durable persuasion in ELM.

25. Which influence type is driven by desire for acceptance: normative or informational social influence?

    Normative social influence. It stems from social pressures for approval, leading to conformity to avoid disapproval rather than to resolve uncertainty.

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