Developmental Disorders - Eppp Knowledge

1. Which diagnosis is marked by persistent difficulty acquiring and using language across modalities?

   Language disorder. The disorder encompasses broad challenges in language comprehension and production across spoken, written, and signed forms.

2. Identify the diagnosis: academic skill deficits confined to reading accuracy/fluency with otherwise typical intellect.

   Specific learning disorder, with impairment in reading. It specifies isolated difficulties in reading skills, confirmed through standardized assessments, without global cognitive deficits.

3. Which elimination disorder involves repeated passage of feces in inappropriate places after expected continence age?

   Encopresis. The condition features inappropriate defecation after toilet training age, requiring exclusion of physiological causes.

4. Which disorder involves failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations?

   Selective mutism. It is characterized by context-specific silence in settings where speaking is expected, despite normal language ability elsewhere.

5. Which disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of angry/irritable mood and defiant behavior?

   Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). It is marked by emotional dysregulation and oppositional behaviors toward authority, without the rights violations seen in conduct disorder.

6. Which disorder requires repetitive behavior that violates others' rights or major age-appropriate norms?

   Conduct disorder. The diagnosis requires a pattern of aggressive or destructive acts that infringe on societal norms, beyond mere defiance.

7. Which diagnosis involves persistent eating of nonfood substances inappropriate to developmental level?

   Pica. The diagnosis applies to ingestion of non-nutritive items persisting beyond developmentally appropriate stages, not due to cultural practices.

8. Which fluency disorder typically begins in childhood and features sound/syllable repetitions and blocks?

   Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering). The condition features disruptions in speech flow starting early, distinguished from other fluency issues by its developmental onset.

9. Identify the diagnosis: persistent deficits in social communication plus stereotyped movements and insistence on sameness.

   Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The condition is identified by early-emerging social and behavioral symptoms that persist and impair multiple areas of functioning.

10. Identify the diagnosis: recurrent motor and vocal tics present for 6 months since first onset.

    Provisional tic disorder. The provisional specifier is used for tics under one year in duration, as in this case of 6 months, pending further observation.

11. Which elimination disorder involves repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes after expected continence age?

    Enuresis. It is diagnosed when involuntary urination occurs repeatedly past the age of expected bladder control, not due to medical issues.

12. Which diagnosis is characterized by extremely limited intake leading to weight loss or nutritional deficiency?

    Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). The disorder stems from avoidance of foods based on sensory or experiential factors, resulting in significant health consequences.

13. Identify the diagnosis: normal early development followed by loss of purposeful hand skills and spoken language.

    Rett syndrome. This genetic disorder presents with regression after initial normal development, including stereotyped hand movements and gait abnormalities.

14. Which diagnosis involves persistent problems with social use of verbal and nonverbal communication?

    Social (pragmatic) communication disorder. It specifically targets difficulties in the social application of communication, not attributable to other neurodevelopmental conditions.

15. Identify the diagnosis: failure to speak at school for 2 months, but normal speech at home.

    Selective mutism. The diagnosis fits when mutism is situational and persistent, such as in school, but language is intact in familiar environments.

16. Which disorder is defined by impairment in reading, written expression, or mathematics despite targeted instruction?

    Specific learning disorder. It identifies targeted academic deficits persisting despite interventions, with intact overall intellectual functioning.

17. Which diagnosis is defined by motor coordination below expectations that interferes with daily living or academics?

    Developmental coordination disorder. The disorder is identified by motor skill delays that significantly impact activities of daily living, not explained by intellectual impairment.

18. Which feeding disorder involves repeated regurgitation of food not due to a medical condition?

    Rumination disorder. It involves habitual re-chewing and re-swallowing of food without gastrointestinal causes, impacting nutrition or social functioning.

19. Which diagnosis is characterized by repeated vocal and motor tics lasting more than 1 year?

    Tourette's disorder. It requires the presence of both motor and vocal tics persisting over a year, differentiating it from shorter-duration tic disorders.

20. Which diagnosis requires persistent deficits in social communication plus restricted, repetitive behaviors?

    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This diagnosis uniquely combines social communication impairments with repetitive patterns, distinguishing it from related communication disorders.

21. Which tic disorder involves motor and/or vocal tics lasting less than 1 year since first tic onset?

    Provisional tic disorder. This classification applies when tics are recent and short-term, not meeting the duration criterion for persistent or Tourette's disorders.

22. Which condition is defined by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity across at least two settings?

    Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The criteria emphasize symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity that impair functioning in multiple environments, such as home and school.

23. Which diagnosis is characterized by sound production problems that reduce speech intelligibility?

    Speech sound disorder. It is defined by articulation errors that hinder clear communication, beyond what is expected for age or dialect.

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