Cultural Analysis - Eppp Knowledge

1. What is individualism as a cultural orientation relevant to behavior and motivation?

   Prioritizing autonomy, personal goals, and independent self-construal. This orientation fosters behaviors emphasizing personal achievement and self-reliance in individualistic societies.

2. What is the emic approach in cross-cultural psychology?

   Culture-specific study using constructs meaningful within that culture. This method focuses on indigenous perspectives to capture unique cultural phenomena without imposing external frameworks.

3. What is the etic approach in cross-cultural psychology?

   Cross-cultural study using constructs assumed to be universal. It applies universal categories to compare cultures, facilitating generalizable insights across diverse groups.

4. What is intersectionality as a framework for analyzing sociopolitical influences on behavior?

   Interacting identities create unique patterns of privilege and oppression. This framework highlights how overlapping social categories compound experiences of discrimination or advantage.

5. What is stereotype threat as a sociocultural mechanism affecting performance?

   Performance impairment from fear of confirming a negative stereotype. This phenomenon occurs when awareness of stereotypes activates anxiety, undermining performance in stereotyped domains.

6. What is an interdependent self-construal in cultural psychology?

   Defining the self as connected to others and social roles. This view fosters relational harmony and role fulfillment, prevalent in collectivist cultures emphasizing social connections.

7. Which concept describes distress expressed mainly through physical symptoms shaped by culture?

   Somatization (culture-influenced symptom expression). In some cultures, psychological distress is channeled into bodily symptoms due to cultural idioms of distress.

8. What is Berry's marginalization acculturation strategy?

   Low connection to both heritage and host cultures. It results in disconnection and potential identity crises, often linked to poor adaptation outcomes.

9. What is Berry's separation acculturation strategy?

   Maintaining heritage culture while avoiding the host culture. This approach preserves cultural heritage but may hinder integration and lead to isolation in the host society.

10. Which interpretation best fits: a client first consults family and clergy before therapy in a collectivist context?

    Help-seeking is normatively relational and mediated by community authorities. Collectivist cultures emphasize communal support, making family and authority figures key in mental health decisions.

11. What is acculturation in the context of migration and cultural adaptation?

    Changes from continuous contact between cultural groups. It involves bidirectional adaptations in values, behaviors, and identities due to intercultural interactions.

12. What is implicit bias in the context of sociopolitical influences on behavior?

    Automatic attitudes or stereotypes that influence judgments unconsciously. These biases operate below awareness, shaping perceptions and decisions in social and professional interactions.

13. What is institutional racism as a sociopolitical determinant of health and behavior?

    Systemic policies and practices that produce racial inequities. It perpetuates disparities through embedded biases in systems like education and healthcare, influencing opportunities and outcomes.

14. What is collectivism as a cultural orientation relevant to behavior and motivation?

    Prioritizing group goals, interdependence, and relational self-construal. It promotes harmony and cooperation by valuing group welfare over individual desires in collectivist societies.

15. What is cultural relativism in psychological assessment and interpretation of behavior?

    Evaluating behavior within the norms and values of the person's culture. This approach ensures interpretations are contextually appropriate by considering cultural norms rather than imposing external standards.

16. Identify the term for chronic, everyday discrimination that accumulates harm over time.

    Microaggressions. These subtle, often unintentional insults contribute to cumulative stress and health disparities for marginalized groups.

17. What is acculturative stress as a risk factor for mental and physical health?

    Stress from adapting to a new culture and related demands. It arises from cultural conflicts and adjustment challenges, contributing to anxiety, depression, and health issues.

18. What is cultural tightness–looseness as a dimension affecting behavior regulation?

    Strength of social norms and tolerance for deviance. Tighter cultures enforce strict norms to maintain order, while looser ones allow flexibility, impacting conformity and innovation.

19. What is the fundamental attribution error, and how can it vary cross-culturally?

    Overattributing behavior to disposition rather than situation. This error is more pronounced in individualistic cultures that emphasize personal traits over contextual factors.

20. What is power distance in Hofstede's cultural dimensions framework?

    Acceptance of unequal power distribution within institutions. It reflects how societies accept hierarchical structures, influencing obedience and authority dynamics in behavior.

21. What is uncertainty avoidance in Hofstede's cultural dimensions framework?

    Preference for rules and structure to reduce ambiguity. This dimension affects stress responses and decision-making by determining tolerance for unpredictability in cultural contexts.

22. What is ethnocentrism as a bias that can distort cross-cultural clinical judgment?

    Judging other cultures by one's own cultural standards as the default. It leads to distorted judgments by assuming one's own culture is superior or normative, ignoring cultural variability in behavior.

23. What is Berry's integration acculturation strategy?

    Maintaining heritage culture while participating in the host culture. This strategy supports bicultural identity, leading to better psychological adjustment in diverse environments.

24. What is Berry's assimilation acculturation strategy?

    Adopting host culture while relinquishing heritage cultural practices. It facilitates adaptation by fully embracing the new culture, often at the cost of original cultural identity.

25. What is an independent self-construal in cultural psychology?

    Defining the self as unique and separate from others. It encourages self-expression and uniqueness, common in individualistic cultures where personal identity is emphasized.

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