Development And Mental Health - Ccma

1. What is the core feature that distinguishes ADHD from normal high activity?

   Persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity that impairs function. ADHD diagnosis requires symptoms that significantly interfere with daily functioning across settings, beyond typical childhood energy levels.

2. What developmental stage (Erikson) centers on generativity versus stagnation in middle adulthood?

   Middle adulthood: generativity versus stagnation. Erikson's seventh stage involves contributing to society and future generations to avoid stagnation in middle adulthood from ages 40 to 65.

3. What developmental stage (Erikson) centers on intimacy versus isolation in young adulthood?

   Young adulthood: intimacy versus isolation. In young adulthood, Erikson's theory highlights building close relationships to prevent emotional isolation from ages 19 to 40.

4. What developmental stage (Erikson) centers on autonomy versus shame and doubt in toddlers?

   Toddlerhood: autonomy versus shame and doubt. In Erikson's model, this stage focuses on toddlers gaining independence and self-control to avoid feelings of doubt from ages 1 to 3.

5. What developmental stage (Erikson) centers on trust versus mistrust during infancy?

   Infancy: trust versus mistrust. Erikson's psychosocial theory posits this stage as foundational for developing basic trust through responsive caregiving in the first year of life.

6. What is a typical language milestone expected by about 2 years of age?

   Uses two-word phrases. Language development by age 2 typically includes combining words, indicating progress in expressive communication skills.

7. What is a typical gross-motor milestone expected by about 2 years of age?

   Walks up and down stairs with assistance. This milestone reflects advancing coordination and balance in toddlers, aligning with expected physical development by age 2.

8. What symptom best indicates schizophrenia rather than depression with low motivation?

   Hallucinations or delusions (psychotic symptoms). Psychotic symptoms like these are core positive symptoms of schizophrenia, distinguishing it from mood disorders without psychosis.

9. What developmental stage (Erikson) centers on industry versus inferiority in school-aged children?

   School age: industry versus inferiority. This Eriksonian stage involves school-aged children mastering skills and competence to counteract feelings of inferiority from ages 6 to 11.

10. What developmental stage (Erikson) centers on integrity versus despair in late adulthood?

    Late adulthood: integrity versus despair. The final Eriksonian stage focuses on reflecting on life with satisfaction to avert despair in older adults over age 65.

11. Which finding is a classic red flag for autism spectrum disorder in a toddler?

    Poor eye contact and lack of joint attention. These social communication deficits are early indicators of autism spectrum disorder, warranting further evaluation in young children.

12. Which mental health condition is most strongly associated with self-harm and fear of abandonment?

    Borderline personality disorder. Borderline personality disorder features unstable relationships, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation, often manifesting in these behaviors.

13. What is the defining feature of a manic episode?

    Elevated or irritable mood with increased energy and impairment. Manic episodes feature distinct periods of abnormal mood and energy causing functional impairment, key to bipolar disorder diagnosis.

14. Identify the priority action when a patient expresses suicidal intent with a specific plan.

    Ensure immediate safety and initiate emergency evaluation. Immediate intervention is critical in suicide risk management to prevent harm, following standard protocols for mental health emergencies.

15. What developmental stage (Erikson) centers on initiative versus guilt in preschool-aged children?

    Preschool: initiative versus guilt. Erikson's third stage emphasizes children's exploration and initiative, balanced against guilt from overcontrol, occurring from ages 3 to 5.

16. What is the key clinical feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

    Obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming or distressing. OCD is diagnosed when intrusive thoughts or repetitive behaviors consume significant time and cause distress, interfering with functioning.

17. What is the hallmark symptom cluster of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

    Re-experiencing, avoidance, negative mood, and hyperarousal. PTSD involves these four symptom categories persisting after trauma, as outlined in diagnostic criteria for the disorder.

18. What developmental stage (Erikson) centers on identity versus role confusion in adolescence?

    Adolescence: identity versus role confusion. Erikson's fifth stage centers on adolescents forming a coherent sense of self to avoid confusion about roles from ages 12 to 18.

19. Which option is the most appropriate response to an anxious patient having a panic attack in clinic?

    Stay calm, provide reassurance, and coach slow breathing. This approach helps de-escalate acute panic symptoms safely in a clinical setting, promoting patient stabilization without medication.

20. What distinguishes bipolar I disorder from major depressive disorder?

    History of at least one manic episode. Bipolar I is defined by the presence of mania, which elevates it beyond unipolar depression regardless of depressive episodes.

21. What is the key developmental milestone expected by about 12 months regarding motor skills?

    Pulls to stand and may take first steps. By 12 months, infants typically achieve this motor milestone as part of normal gross motor development involving balance and strength.

22. What is a typical social milestone expected by about 4 years of age?

    Engages in cooperative play and takes turns. By age 4, children develop social skills for group interactions, marking progression from parallel to cooperative play.

23. What is the defining feature of panic disorder?

    Recurrent unexpected panic attacks with ongoing worry. Panic disorder is characterized by repeated attacks followed by persistent concern, differentiating it from isolated anxiety episodes.

24. What is the defining characteristic of a specific phobia?

    Marked fear of a specific object or situation with avoidance. Specific phobias involve intense, irrational fear leading to avoidance behaviors that impair daily life, distinct from general anxiety.

25. What is the key symptom pattern of major depressive disorder?

    At least 2 weeks of depressed mood or anhedonia plus symptoms. Major depressive disorder requires a sustained period of core symptoms like low mood or loss of interest, meeting DSM criteria for diagnosis.

Study these flashcards