Technology of the Industrial Age - AP World History
- Which invention by Samuel Morse transformed communication?
- Telegraph. Transmitted messages instantly over long distances.
- What invention by Eli Whitney transformed the cotton industry?
- Cotton gin. Mechanized cotton fiber separation from seeds.
- Which invention by Richard Arkwright revolutionized the textile industry?
- Water frame. Water-powered spinning machine for stronger thread.
- Which power source eventually replaced steam in the 20th century?
- Electricity. More efficient and cleaner than steam power.
- Identify the economic theory that focuses on class struggle and societal change.
- Marxism. Marx's theory of worker-owner class conflict.
- What is the term for the shift from manual labor to mechanized labor?
- Industrialization. Transition from handmade to machine-made production.
- What is the term for urban population growth due to industrialization?
- Urbanization. Factory jobs attracted rural workers to cities.
- What was the primary energy source driving the Industrial Revolution?
- Coal. Abundant, cheap fossil fuel that powered steam engines.
- Which industry first experienced major transformations during the Industrial Revolution?
- Textile industry. First to mechanize with spinning and weaving machines.
- What term describes the movement of people from rural to urban areas?
- Urbanization. Factory jobs attracted rural workers to cities.
- Which class emerged as a powerful economic force during the Industrial Age?
- Middle class. Industrialists and professionals gained wealth and influence.
- What major transportation innovation was developed by George Stephenson?
- Locomotive. Steam-powered railway transport revolutionized movement.
- What communication technology was invented by Samuel Morse?
- Telegraph. Transmitted messages instantly over long distances.
- What did the Factory Act of 1833 aim to regulate?
- Child labor. Limited working hours for children in factories.
- Identify the machine that increased weaving speed, invented by John Kay.
- Flying shuttle. Allowed wider cloth production with faster weaving.
- What was the main advantage of steam power over water power?
- Location flexibility. Could operate anywhere, not just near rivers.
- Identify the coal mining safety lamp inventor.
- Sir Humphry Davy. Protected miners from dangerous methane gas explosions.
- What was the primary purpose of the Luddites' actions?
- Protest against industrialization. Workers destroyed machines they blamed for unemployment.
- What was the primary purpose of the Spinning Jenny?
- Spin multiple threads simultaneously. Increased thread production efficiency dramatically.
- What system replaced cottage industries during the Industrial Age?
- Factory system. Centralized production in mechanized buildings.
- Identify the primary transport method that expanded due to steam power.
- Railways. Steam locomotives enabled rapid land transport.
- Identify the primary material used for construction during the Industrial Age.
- Steel. Stronger than iron for bridges and buildings.
- Identify the invention that allowed for the mass production of steel.
- Bessemer process. Removed impurities from iron to create strong steel.
- Name the invention that improved agricultural efficiency by planting seeds in rows.
- Seed drill. Precise seed placement improved crop yields significantly.
- What is the term for the mass migration of people from rural areas to cities?
- Urbanization. Factory jobs attracted rural workers to cities.
- What communication device did Alexander Graham Bell invent?
- Telephone. Enabled real-time voice communication over distance.
- What was the primary purpose of canals during the Industrial Age?
- Transport goods efficiently. Connected inland regions to markets efficiently.
- Name the invention by Henry Ford that revolutionized manufacturing.
- Assembly line. Divided tasks for faster, cheaper mass production.
- Which country was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
- Great Britain. Coal, water power, and innovation sparked transformation.
- Which economic system became dominant during the Industrial Age?
- Capitalism. Private ownership and profit-driven markets emerged.
- Name the economic theory advocating minimal government intervention in the economy.
- Laissez-faire. Free market with minimal government regulation.
- Which class benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution?
- Middle class. Industrialists and professionals gained wealth and influence.
- What is the term for the economic system where trade and industry are privately controlled?
- Capitalism. Private ownership and profit-driven markets emerged.
- What powered the first factories in the Industrial Revolution?
- Water. Rivers provided power for early textile mills.
- Identify the technology that allowed factories to stay open after dark.
- Electric lighting. Extended working hours beyond natural daylight.
- Which process improved agricultural productivity during the Industrial Age?
- Crop rotation. Alternating crops maintained soil fertility.
- What was the first industry to industrialize in the 18th century?
- Textile industry. First to mechanize with spinning and weaving machines.
- What transportation innovation improved the speed and reach of trade?
- Railroads. Steam locomotives enabled rapid land transport.
- Identify the process that allowed for mass production of steel.
- Bessemer process. Removed impurities from iron to create strong steel.
- What was the main fuel for steam engines during the Industrial Revolution?
- Coal. Abundant, cheap fossil fuel that powered steam engines.