Society and the Industrial Age - AP World History
- Identify the primary sector that saw significant advancements during the Industrial Age.
- Manufacturing. Factories transformed how goods were produced and distributed.
- Who wrote 'The Wealth of Nations' advocating for free-market economies?
- Adam Smith. Promoted the idea of the 'invisible hand' of the market.
- Who is the philosopher known for his critique of capitalism and author of 'Das Kapital'?
- Karl Marx. Developed communist theory predicting capitalism's downfall.
- What was the impact of the steam locomotive on transportation during the Industrial Age?
- Faster transportation. Steam engines enabled rapid movement of goods and people.
- Identify the economic policy of protecting home industries by imposing tariffs.
- Protectionism. Uses tariffs and restrictions to shield domestic industries.
- What term describes the shift from agricultural economies to industrial economies?
- Industrialization. Economic transformation from farming to manufacturing focus.
- Who is the author of 'The Communist Manifesto' advocating for class struggle?
- Karl Marx. Co-authored with Engels, calling for worker revolution.
- What system involves the mass production of goods in large numbers using machinery?
- Factory system. Centralized production using machinery and division of labor.
- Which textile machine invented by James Hargreaves increased yarn production?
- Spinning Jenny. Multi-spindle machine that revolutionized textile spinning.
- What is the term for the system where goods are produced in homes rather than factories?
- Cottage industry. Pre-industrial production system where families worked from home.
- What was the primary purpose of the Luddites' protests during the Industrial Revolution?
- Opposition to machinery. Textile workers destroyed machines threatening their jobs.
- What is the term for the economic system characterized by private ownership and profit motive?
- Capitalism. Private ownership of production means drives competition.
- In the context of industrial societies, what does the term 'proletariat' refer to?
- Working class. Marx's term for industrial wage-earning workers.
- What was the social impact of industrialization on family structures?
- Altered family roles. Factory work changed traditional family economic structures.
- Which movement sought to improve working conditions through reforms and strikes?
- Labor movement. Organized workers to demand better wages and conditions.
- Which system involves ownership of the means of production by the community or state?
- Socialism. Economic system emphasizing collective rather than private ownership.
- Identify the economic theory that advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy.
- Laissez-faire. French for 'let it be' - allows market forces to operate freely.
- What is the term for the creation of large industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution?
- Urbanization. Migration to industrial centers created large urban areas.
- Which invention by Eli Whitney revolutionized the cotton industry in 1793?
- Cotton gin. Machine that quickly separated cotton fibers from seeds.
- Which country was the first to undergo industrialization?
- Great Britain. Had natural resources, capital, and favorable geography first.
- Which ideology emerged in response to poor working conditions and advocated for worker rights?
- Socialism. Advocated collective ownership to address industrial inequality.
- What was a common health issue faced by urban populations during the Industrial Age?
- Poor sanitation. Overcrowded cities lacked adequate sewage and waste systems.
- What term describes the movement of people from rural areas to cities during the Industrial Age?
- Urbanization. Factory jobs attracted rural workers to industrial centers.
- What was a major environmental consequence of the Industrial Revolution?
- Increased pollution. Factory smoke and waste contaminated air and water.
- Which class struggled for better wages and working conditions during the Industrial Age?
- Working class. Factory workers organized to improve their economic situation.
- Which demographic change was a direct consequence of the Industrial Age?
- Population growth. Better medicine and food supply increased birth rates.
- What was the primary energy source that fueled the early Industrial Revolution?
- Coal. Abundant coal deposits powered steam engines and machinery.
- Which invention by Thomas Edison greatly influenced the Industrial Age?
- Electric light bulb. Extended working hours and enabled nighttime productivity.
- Which social class grew in influence during the Industrial Age due to industrialization?
- Middle class. Gained wealth and political power from industrial enterprises.
- Identify the process of changing from hand production methods to machines.
- Mechanization. Replacing human labor with machines for efficiency.
- Name the act that limited work hours for women and children in British factories in 1833.
- Factory Act. First legislation to protect children from factory exploitation.
- What is the term for the transition to new manufacturing processes in the 18th century?
- Industrial Revolution. Period of transition from manual to machine-based manufacturing.
- What was the key innovation in transportation that facilitated the Industrial Revolution?
- Railroads. Connected distant markets and enabled mass transport.
- How did the Industrial Revolution affect the global balance of power?
- Increased Western dominance. Industrial nations gained economic and military advantages globally.
- What was the result of increased mechanization on labor during the Industrial Age?
- Reduced manual labor. Machines replaced skilled artisans in production processes.
- What innovation by Henry Bessemer revolutionized steel production?
- Bessemer process. Method for mass-producing high-quality, affordable steel.
- Which invention by Samuel Morse enhanced long-distance communication in the 19th century?
- Telegraph. Transmitted messages using electrical signals over wires.