Reform and Responses After 1900 - AP World History

1. What was the main goal of the decolonization movements after World War II?

   To achieve independence from colonial powers. Liberation from European control across Africa and Asia.

2. What was the goal of the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War?

   To avoid alignment with major power blocs. Third World nations avoided Cold War superpower alliances.

3. Which leader is credited with initiating the Perestroika reforms in the Soviet Union?

   Mikhail Gorbachev. Introduced glasnost and perestroika reforms leading to democratization.

4. What was the primary concern of the environmental movement after 1900?

   Addressing pollution and environmental degradation. Emerged from growing awareness of industrial environmental damage.

5. What was the main aim of the Marshall Plan after World War II?

   To rebuild European economies after the war. U.S. aid program to prevent communist expansion in Europe.

6. Which organization was founded in 1945 to promote international cooperation?

   United Nations. Replaced the League of Nations to maintain international peace.

7. Which event is considered the catalyst for the Arab Spring?

   Self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia. Street vendor's protest sparked regional democratic uprisings.

8. Identify the year in which the Berlin Wall fell, symbolizing the end of the Cold War.

   1989. Marked German reunification and Soviet bloc collapse.

9. Which international agreement aimed to combat climate change in 2015?

   Paris Agreement. Global commitment to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

10. What was the primary aim of the Fair Housing Act of 1968?

    To prevent discrimination in housing sales and rentals. Banned housing discrimination based on race and religion.

11. Name the policy initiated in the U.S. to prevent the spread of communism in Asia.

    Containment Policy. Aimed to stop Soviet expansion during the Cold War.

12. Which movement sought to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine?

    Zionist Movement. Advocated for Jewish state creation following persecution.

13. Name the 20th-century movement focused on civil rights for indigenous peoples.

    Indigenous Rights Movement. Fought for land rights and cultural preservation globally.

14. Which legislative act, passed in 1964, aimed to end segregation in public places?

    Civil Rights Act of 1964. Landmark legislation that banned discrimination in public accommodations.

15. Which treaty was signed in 1919 to formally end World War I?

    Treaty of Versailles. Imposed harsh terms on Germany including territorial losses.

16. What reform did the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution enact?

    Granted women the right to vote. Ratified in 1920 after decades of suffragette activism.

17. Which leader is associated with the rise of communism in China?

    Mao Zedong. Led the Chinese Communist Party to victory in 1949.

18. What was the central goal of the anti-globalization movement?

    To challenge the negative effects of global trade. Protested economic inequality and corporate power.

19. What was the main objective of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa?

    To dismantle the apartheid system and achieve equality. Fought against institutionalized racial segregation and oppression.

20. What was the significant outcome of the Camp David Accords?

    Peace agreement between Egypt and Israel. Mediated by Carter, ended decades of Middle East conflict.

21. What significant change did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 bring about?

    Prohibited racial discrimination in voting. Eliminated literacy tests and poll taxes targeting minorities.

22. What was the primary goal of the Progressive Movement in the United States?

    To address social issues arising from industrialization. Responded to labor problems, urban corruption, and poor working conditions.

23. Identify the leader known for civil rights advocacy through peaceful protest.

    Martin Luther King Jr. Championed nonviolent resistance during the Civil Rights Movement.

24. Name the agreement signed in 1991 that led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

    Belavezha Accords. Formally dissolved the USSR into independent republics.

25. Identify the event that symbolized the start of the feminist movement in 1963.

    Publication of 'The Feminine Mystique'. Betty Friedan's book sparked second-wave feminism.

26. Identify the organization founded in 1960 to coordinate petroleum policies among member states.

    Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Cartel controlling oil prices and production quotas.

27. Identify the event that led to the establishment of the European Union.

    Treaty of Maastricht. Created European economic and political integration in 1992.

28. Identify the main focus of the Suffragette Movement after 1900.

    Securing women's right to vote. Fought for political equality through organized activism and protests.

29. Which revolutionary leader initiated the Cuban Revolution of 1959?

    Fidel Castro. Overthrew Batista's dictatorship to establish communist state.

30. Which global organization was established in 1995 to regulate international trade?

    World Trade Organization (WTO). Succeeded GATT to oversee global trade rules and disputes.

31. What was the primary objective of the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S.?

    To end racial segregation and discrimination. Challenged Jim Crow laws and institutional racism.

32. Name the cultural movement of the 1920s that celebrated African-American culture.

    Harlem Renaissance. Flourishing of Black arts, literature, and music in New York.

33. What was the primary aim of the New Deal in the United States?

    To provide economic relief and recovery during the Great Depression. FDR's programs creating jobs and social safety net.

34. What was the primary goal of the Green Revolution?

    To increase agricultural production using technology. Introduced high-yield crops and modern farming techniques.

35. What was the primary focus of the 1970s Women's Liberation Movement?

    Achieving gender equality and reproductive rights. Second-wave feminism addressing workplace and social inequality.

36. Which African leader became the first black president of South Africa in 1994?

    Nelson Mandela. Anti-apartheid leader who ended white minority rule.

37. Name the leader of the Indian independence movement known for nonviolent resistance.

    Mahatma Gandhi. Used satyagraha (peaceful resistance) against British rule.

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