Nationalism and Revolutions - AP World History

What does the term 'Manifest Destiny' refer to?

It refers to the 19th-century belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America. Justified westward expansion as America's divine mission and right.
Who wrote 'The Communist Manifesto'?

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote 'The Communist Manifesto'. Published in 1848, it outlined communist theory and worker revolution.
What is nationalism?

Nationalism is a political ideology centered on the interests and culture of a nation. It emphasizes shared identity, language, and culture as basis for political organization.
What was the significance of the 1848 Revolutions in Europe?

They were a series of political upheavals aimed at challenging conservative monarchies. Nationalist movements across Europe demanded constitutional governments and independence.
What is the significance of the Berlin Conference of 1884-85?

It regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period. European powers divided Africa among themselves without African input.
What was the German Confederation?

A loose association of German states formed after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Created as a compromise between Austrian control and German unity.
What year did Italy achieve unification?

Italy achieved unification in 1861. Achieved through Garibaldi's military campaigns and diplomatic efforts.
What is the significance of the Storming of the Bastille?

It symbolized the end of royal tyranny and the rise of the French Revolution. The prison's fall represented popular uprising against absolute monarchy.
What event marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars?

The Battle of Waterloo in 1815 marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon's final defeat ended his European domination permanently.
Who was Otto von Bismarck?

Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman who unified Germany. Used realpolitik and three wars to create the German Empire in 1871.
What was the result of the 1848 French Revolution?

The result was the establishment of the French Second Republic. Overthrew King Louis-Philippe and established democratic government.
Identify the main goal of the Meiji Restoration.

The main goal was to modernize and industrialize Japan to strengthen its global position. Transformed Japan from feudal isolation to modern industrial power after 1868.
Identify the main cause of the American Revolution.

The main cause was colonial opposition to British taxation without representation. Colonists rejected British taxes imposed without their consent in Parliament.
What was the primary goal of the Congress of Vienna?

The primary goal was to restore European stability and balance of power post-Napoleon. Aimed to prevent future wars through diplomatic balance after Napoleon's defeat.
What caused the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857?

It was caused by Indian soldiers' discontent with British rule and practices. Sparked by rumors about cartridges greased with cow and pig fat.
What ideology is associated with Karl Marx?

Karl Marx is associated with communism and Marxism. Developed theory of class struggle and worker revolution against capitalism.
Identify the leader of the Haitian Revolution.

Toussaint Louverture was the leader of the Haitian Revolution. Led the successful slave revolt that created the first Black republic.
Which revolution is associated with the slogan 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity'?

This slogan is associated with the French Revolution. Represented the democratic ideals of the revolutionary movement.
What was the outcome of the Crimean War?

The outcome was a military defeat for Russia and the Treaty of Paris in 1856. Russia lost to Ottoman Empire backed by Britain and France.
What was the Reign of Terror?

A period of the French Revolution marked by mass executions of perceived enemies. Robespierre's radical phase used guillotine to eliminate political opponents.
What year did the French Revolution begin?

The French Revolution began in 1789. Started with the financial crisis and calling of the Estates-General.
What was the main cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905?

The main cause was social unrest and dissatisfaction with Tsarist rule. Triggered by Bloody Sunday massacre and military defeats in Japan.
What was the primary aim of the Taiping Rebellion?

The aim was to overthrow the Qing dynasty and establish a new society in China. Massive civil war led by Hong Xiuquan claiming to be Christ's brother.
What year did the Latin American wars of independence begin?

The Latin American wars of independence began in 1808. Triggered by Napoleon's invasion of Spain and weakened Spanish control.
Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?

Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian general and nationalist who played a key role in Italy's unification. Led military campaigns that helped unite the Italian peninsula.
Who was Simón Bolívar?

Simón Bolívar was a key leader in the Latin American independence movements. Known as 'El Libertador' for liberating much of South America from Spain.
Which document declared the independence of the United States?

The Declaration of Independence declared U.S. independence. Proclaimed American independence from Britain on July 4, 1776.
Identify the main result of the Haitian Revolution.

The main result was Haiti's independence from France in 1804. Created the first successful slave revolution and independent Black nation.
What was the Boxer Rebellion?

An anti-foreign, anti-colonial uprising in China between 1899 and 1901. Chinese nationalists opposed foreign influence and Christian missionaries.
What is the significance of the Dreyfus Affair?

It was a political scandal in France that revealed deep divisions over issues of anti-Semitism. Jewish officer falsely accused of treason, exposing French anti-Semitism.
Identify the leader of the Mexican War of Independence.

Miguel Hidalgo was a leader of the Mexican War of Independence. Catholic priest who launched Mexico's independence movement in 1810.
Identify the treaty that ended the American Revolution.

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 ended the American Revolution. Formally recognized American independence and established new boundaries.
What was the primary cause of the Spanish-American War?

The primary cause was the U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. America supported Cuban rebels against Spanish colonial rule.
What was the impact of the Opium Wars on China?

The impact was the opening of China to foreign trade and the ceding of Hong Kong to Britain. Britain forced China to accept unequal treaties and foreign concessions.
Identify the main goal of the Women's Suffrage Movement.

The main goal was to secure voting rights for women. Fought for women's political equality and democratic participation.

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