Mass Atrocities After 1900 - AP World History

1. Identify the main perpetrator of the Bosnian Genocide.

   Bosnian Serb forces. Led by Ratko Mladić and Radovan Karadžić during Yugoslav Wars.

2. Which country experienced the Darfur Genocide?

   Sudan. Western region where Arab militias attacked African tribes.

3. What is the significance of the term 'ethnic cleansing'?

   The removal of an ethnic group from an area by force or intimidation. Systematic removal of ethnic groups through violence and deportation.

4. Identify the main perpetrator of the Armenian Genocide.

   The Ottoman Empire. Systematically killed 1.5 million Armenians during WWI.

5. Identify the international body formed post-WWII to prevent future genocides.

   United Nations. Created in 1945 to maintain international peace and security.

6. Which event is referred to as the 'Rape of Nanking'?

   The Nanking Massacre. Japanese atrocities including mass murder and sexual violence.

7. Who were the main victims of the Nanking Massacre?

   Chinese civilians. Japanese soldiers killed 300,000 Chinese civilians and POWs.

8. What was the estimated death toll of the Cambodian Genocide?

   Approximately 1.7 million. About 25% of Cambodia's population killed by Khmer Rouge.

9. Which leader initiated the Cultural Revolution in China?

   Mao Zedong. Led radical purge of Chinese society from 1966-1976.

10. What was the main target group of the Bosnian Genocide?

    Bosniak Muslims. Ethnic cleansing during the breakup of Yugoslavia.

11. What year did the Nanking Massacre occur?

    1937. During Japanese invasion and occupation of Chinese capital.

12. Which international organization is tasked with peacekeeping missions?

    United Nations. Deploys peacekeepers to prevent and stop conflicts worldwide.

13. Which convention defines and criminalizes genocide?

    Genocide Convention (1948). UN treaty making genocide an international crime.

14. What year did the Darfur Genocide begin?

    2003. Start of systematic attacks on Darfur's African populations.

15. What years did the Bosnian Genocide take place?

    1992-1995. During the Yugoslav Wars, targeting Bosniak Muslims.

16. What was the target group during the Anfal Campaign?

    Iraqi Kurds. Ethnic minority systematically attacked with chemical weapons.

17. Identify the international court that prosecuted Bosnian Genocide perpetrators.

    International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). First international court to prosecute genocide since Nuremberg.

18. What was the primary goal of the Cultural Revolution in China?

    To enforce communism by removing capitalist elements. Mao's radical campaign against traditional Chinese culture and intellectuals.

19. What was the primary target group of the Holocaust?

    Jewish people. Nazi Germany's systematic murder of 6 million Jews.

20. Who coined the term 'genocide'?

    Raphael Lemkin. Polish lawyer who created the term after witnessing Nazi atrocities.

21. What was the primary ideological basis for the Nazi genocides?

    Racial purity and anti-Semitism. Nazi ideology promoted Aryan supremacy and Jewish elimination.

22. Who were the primary perpetrators of the Darfur Genocide?

    Janjaweed militia. Arab militia backed by Sudanese government forces.

23. Identify the main ethnic group targeted in the Rwandan Genocide.

    Tutsi. Minority ethnic group systematically murdered by Hutu extremists.

24. Who was the dictator responsible for the Cambodian Genocide?

    Pol Pot. Led the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia's killing fields.

25. Name the international tribunal established for the Rwandan Genocide.

    International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Prosecuted war criminals and established genocide precedents.

26. What was the name of the regime responsible for the Cambodian Genocide?

    Khmer Rouge. Communist party that emptied cities and murdered intellectuals.

27. What was the primary method of mass killing during the Holocaust?

    Gas chambers. Industrial-scale killing in concentration camps like Auschwitz.

28. Who led the Anfal Campaign against the Kurds?

    Saddam Hussein. Used chemical weapons against Kurdish civilians in 1988.

29. Identify the term for forced relocation and extermination in Nazi Germany.

    The Final Solution. Nazi plan for systematic extermination of European Jews.

30. Which event is marked by Kristallnacht in Nazi Germany?

    The Night of Broken Glass. November 9-10, 1938 pogrom against Jewish businesses and synagogues.

31. What was the main international response to the Holocaust?

    Nuremberg Trials. First international prosecution of war criminals and genocide.

32. What was the role of the Einsatzgruppen during WWII?

    Mobile killing units in Eastern Europe. SS death squads that murdered Jews and civilians.

33. What were the years of the Armenian Genocide?

    1915-1923. Occurred during and after WWI under the Young Turks regime.

34. What is the significance of the Srebrenica massacre?

    Largest massacre in Europe post-WWII. July 1995 killing of 8,000 Bosniak men and boys.

35. In which years did the Cambodian Genocide occur?

    1975-1979. Period when Khmer Rouge killed 1.7 million Cambodians.

36. What was the estimated number of victims in the Rwandan Genocide?

    Approximately 800,000. Killed in just 100 days, mostly by machete and club.

37. What does the term 'genocide' refer to?

    The systematic extermination of a particular group. Coined by Raphael Lemkin, legally defined in 1948.

38. In what year did the Rwandan Genocide occur?

    1994. 100 days of mass killings between Hutu and Tutsi populations.

39. Name the legislation that established the International Criminal Court (ICC).

    Rome Statute. 1998 treaty creating permanent international criminal court.

40. Name the international convention that seeks to protect civilians in wartime.

    Geneva Conventions. International humanitarian law protecting non-combatants in war.

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