Global Resistance to Established Order - AP World History

1. What was the main strategy used by the Solidarity movement in Poland?

   Non-violent resistance. Peaceful resistance movement that challenged communist government control.

2. Which leader is known for implementing the policy of glasnost in the Soviet Union?

   Mikhail Gorbachev. Openness policy promoted transparency and democratic reforms in USSR.

3. What was the main purpose of the Non-Aligned Movement initiated in 1961?

   Avoid alignment with major power blocs. Third World countries sought independence from Cold War superpowers.

4. What was the aim of the Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro?

   Overthrow Batista's regime. Successful guerrilla campaign that established communist government in Cuba.

5. Identify the leader who played a key role in the independence of Indonesia in 1945.

   Sukarno. First president of independent Indonesia after Dutch colonial rule.

6. Which treaty recognized the independence of Algeria from France in 1962?

   Évian Accords. Peace agreement ending the brutal eight-year independence war.

7. Which leader became the first president of independent Kenya in 1963?

   Jomo Kenyatta. Led Kenya African National Union to independence from Britain.

8. Identify the year of China's Tiananmen Square protests.

   1989. Student-led pro-democracy demonstrations violently suppressed by military.

9. Identify the 1955 conference that promoted Afro-Asian economic and cultural cooperation.

   Bandung Conference. Established principles of non-alignment during the Cold War.

10. Which revolution in 1979 led to the establishment of an Islamic Republic in Iran?

    Iranian Revolution. Overthrew the Shah and established theocratic government under Ayatollah Khomeini.

11. Which nationalist leader declared independence for Vietnam in 1945?

    Ho Chi Minh. Founded the Viet Minh to fight French colonial rule.

12. Name the 1947 partition that led to the creation of two independent states in South Asia.

    India and Pakistan. Religious divisions led to massive population displacement and violence.

13. What was the main focus of the 1966 Cultural Revolution in China?

    Preserve communist ideology. Mao's campaign to eliminate bourgeois elements from Chinese society.

14. What was the primary objective of the Civil Rights Movement in the USA?

    End racial segregation. Fought for equal rights and voting access for African Americans.

15. Identify the 1960 event that resulted in the independence of 17 African nations.

    Year of Africa. Massive wave of decolonization across the African continent.

16. Who was the key figure in the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa?

    Nelson Mandela. Symbol of peaceful resistance against institutional racial oppression.

17. What was the main goal of the 1975 Helsinki Accords?

    Improve East-West relations. Détente effort to reduce tensions and promote human rights.

18. What movement aimed to unite all African nations against colonialism?

    Pan-Africanism. Intellectual movement promoting African unity and liberation worldwide.

19. What was the primary aim of the Balfour Declaration of 1917?

    Support for a Jewish homeland. British commitment to Zionist goals in post-WWI Palestine.

20. Name the leader who initiated the decolonization process in the Philippines in 1946.

    Manuel Roxas. First president after independence from American colonial administration.

21. Name the 1994 event that marked the end of apartheid in South Africa.

    First multiracial elections. Transition to majority rule under Nelson Mandela's presidency.

22. What was the main objective of the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya?

    End British colonial rule. Violent uprising against colonial administration in Kenya 1952-1960.

23. Name the movement that sought to unite Arab countries against Western influence.

    Pan-Arabism. Promoted Arab nationalism and cultural unity across the Middle East.

24. What was the primary goal of the Indian National Congress formed in 1885?

    Seek greater Indian participation in governance. Aimed for political representation rather than complete independence initially.

25. Name the policy of racial segregation implemented in South Africa.

    Apartheid. Systematic racial discrimination enforced by white minority government.

26. Which leader is associated with the civil disobedience movement in India?

    Mahatma Gandhi. Led satyagraha campaigns and the Salt March against British rule.

27. Who led the independence movement in Ghana, becoming its first prime minister?

    Kwame Nkrumah. Champion of African socialism and pan-African unity movements.

28. Which 1956 crisis challenged British and French influence in the Middle East?

    Suez Crisis. Nasser's nationalization of canal challenged European colonial powers.

29. Which Caribbean nation gained independence from Britain in 1962?

    Jamaica. First Caribbean nation to achieve independence in the region.

30. What was the primary goal of the Zapatista uprising in Mexico in 1994?

    Demand rights for indigenous people. EZLN rebellion protested NAFTA's impact on indigenous communities.

31. Which Southeast Asian nation declared independence from France in 1954?

    Vietnam. Geneva Accords partitioned Vietnam after French defeat at Dien Bien Phu.

32. Which South African leader was imprisoned for 27 years before becoming president?

    Nelson Mandela. Leader of the African National Congress and anti-apartheid movement.

33. Which African country gained independence from Italy in 1960?

    Somalia. East African nation achieved independence through UN trusteeship process.

34. Identify the year of the Rwandan Genocide.

    1994. Hutu extremists killed approximately 800,000 Tutsis in 100 days.

35. Which 1919 event in India contributed to the rise of anti-colonial sentiments?

    Jallianwala Bagh massacre. British troops killed hundreds of peaceful protesters in Amritsar.

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