Effects of the Cold War - AP World History
- Which event marked the Soviet withdrawal from a prolonged conflict in 1989?
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. Ended costly Soviet military intervention in Central Asia.
- What doctrine aimed to contain the spread of communism?
- Truman Doctrine. Established US policy to support free nations against communist expansion.
- Identify the term used to describe indirect confrontations between superpowers.
- Proxy wars. Superpowers fought through allied nations rather than directly.
- What was the primary ideological conflict during the Cold War?
- Capitalism vs. Communism. Economic and political systems that fundamentally opposed each other worldwide.
- Which Cold War event involved US and Soviet competition in space exploration?
- Space Race. Technological competition demonstrating superpower capabilities.
- Identify the leader of the Soviet Union who initiated the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika.
- Mikhail Gorbachev. Soviet leader who introduced openness and restructuring reforms.
- What was the primary purpose of the Marshall Plan?
- Economic aid to rebuild Europe. US program to strengthen Western Europe against Soviet influence.
- Identify the two superpowers involved in the Cold War.
- United States and Soviet Union. The two dominant global powers that emerged after World War II.
- What was the primary objective of the US policy of containment?
- Prevent the spread of communism. Strategy to stop communist expansion without direct confrontation.
- Which 1960 incident increased tensions between the US and USSR?
- U-2 Spy Plane Incident. American spy plane shot down over Soviet territory.
- What term describes the division of Europe into communist and non-communist areas?
- Iron Curtain. Churchill's metaphor for the ideological barrier across Europe.
- Which Cold War policy aimed to deter Soviet aggression through military strength?
- Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD). Nuclear deterrence strategy based on guaranteed retaliation.
- What marked the official end of the Cold War?
- Dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Collapse of Soviet state ended bipolar world order.
- Which policy did the Soviet Union use to justify intervention in Eastern Europe?
- Brezhnev Doctrine. Soviet policy justifying military intervention in satellite states.
- What event in 1962 brought the world close to nuclear war?
- Cuban Missile Crisis. Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba created 13-day nuclear standoff.
- Identify the war in 1950-1953 that was a significant conflict during the Cold War.
- Korean War. First major proxy war between communist and capitalist forces.
- Name the military alliance formed by Eastern Bloc countries in 1955.
- Warsaw Pact. Soviet-led military alliance responding to NATO formation.
- Which 1948-1949 event involved an airlift to supply a city blockaded by the Soviets?
- Berlin Airlift. Western response to Soviet blockade of West Berlin.
- Which treaty aimed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons in 1968?
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). International agreement to limit nuclear weapons proliferation.
- Which country was divided into East and West as a result of the Cold War?
- Germany. Split into capitalist West and communist East zones.
- Identify the economic system promoted by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
- Communism. State-controlled economy opposing free market capitalism.
- Which military alliance was formed by Western nations in 1949?
- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Collective defense alliance to counter Soviet influence in Europe.
- Which 1980s initiative aimed to protect the US from nuclear missiles?
- Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). Reagan's proposed missile defense system against nuclear attack.
- Which doctrine declared US support for countries resisting communism in the Middle East?
- Eisenhower Doctrine. Extended containment policy specifically to Middle Eastern region.
- Which US senator led a campaign against alleged communists in the government?
- Joseph McCarthy. Led anti-communist investigations and blacklisting campaigns.
- What was the primary focus of the Cold War in Latin America?
- Preventing communist governments. US efforts to block Soviet influence in the hemisphere.
- What was the impact of the Cold War on US domestic policies?
- Increased military spending and anti-communist policies. Cold War fears shaped defense budgets and security policies.
- What was the outcome of the Korean War in terms of territorial changes?
- Korea remained divided at the 38th parallel. Armistice maintained the original division without victory.
- What was the purpose of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)?
- Limit nuclear arms. Bilateral negotiations to control nuclear weapons development.
- What was the Soviet response to the Marshall Plan?
- Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance). Economic alliance to coordinate socialist economies.
- What was the significance of the Helsinki Accords in 1975?
- Improved East-West relations and human rights agreements. Established principles for European cooperation and security.
- Which policy refers to easing tensions between the US and USSR in the 1970s?
- Détente. Period of relaxed tensions and increased diplomatic cooperation.
- What was the primary goal of the US during the Vietnam War?
- Prevent the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. Applied containment doctrine to halt communist expansion.
- What was the result of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979?
- Increased tensions and prolonged conflict. Soviet military intervention strained relations and weakened USSR.
- What was the significance of the Berlin Wall during the Cold War?
- Symbol of division between East and West. Physical barrier representing ideological divide in Cold War.
- What year did the Berlin Wall fall, symbolizing the end of the Cold War?
- 1989. Physical and symbolic barrier between East and West collapsed.