Economic Imperialism - AP World History

1. Which treaty ended the First Opium War?

   Treaty of Nanking. Forced China to open ports and pay war reparations.

2. What was the 'Great Game' primarily concerned with?

   Rivalry between Britain and Russia in Central Asia. Strategic competition for influence in Afghanistan and surrounding regions.

3. What was the Opium War (1839-1842) primarily about?

   British trade of opium in China. Britain forced China to accept opium imports despite Chinese resistance.

4. What is a protectorate in the context of imperialism?

   A region controlled by a foreign power for economic interests. Maintains nominal independence while foreign power controls key policies.

5. What is economic imperialism?

   Economic domination by powerful states over weaker regions. Control without formal political takeover, using economic leverage.

6. Which economic system expanded under imperialism, connecting global markets?

   Capitalism. Imperial expansion spread market-based economic systems globally.

7. Which resource was a major driver of British economic interest in the Middle East?

   Oil. Strategic resource for naval power and industrial development.

8. What economic system did imperial powers often impose on colonies?

   Monoculture economies. Single-crop systems maximized exports but created economic dependency.

9. Identify a major consequence of economic imperialism on colonized societies.

   Disruption of local economies and societies. Traditional systems replaced by export-oriented production.

10. What did the 'Open Door Policy' advocate for in China?

    Equal trading rights for all foreign nations. U.S. policy preventing any nation from monopolizing Chinese trade.

11. Which canal was built to facilitate imperial trade routes in the 19th century?

    Suez Canal. Connected Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, crucial for British India route.

12. Which African nation was known for its diamond mines under British control?

    South Africa. Diamond and gold discoveries drove British expansion and control.

13. Identify a resource that drove economic imperialism in Africa.

    Rubber. Essential for industrial manufacturing and extremely profitable.

14. Identify a country that was part of French Indochina.

    Vietnam. France controlled Indochina for rubber, rice, and strategic position.

15. Identify one major export from the Congo Free State under Belgian rule.

    Rubber. King Leopold II's personal colony extracted vast wealth brutally.

16. What was the economic impact of the Meiji Restoration in Japan?

    Rapid industrialization and modernization. Japan transformed to compete with Western imperial powers economically.

17. What was Cecil Rhodes' vision for British imperialism?

    Expand British influence from Cape to Cairo. Ambitious plan to create continuous British territory across Africa.

18. What was the Boxer Rebellion a response to?

    Foreign influence and economic control in China. Nationalist movement opposing Western economic and cultural dominance.

19. What term describes economic dominance without formal colonization?

    Informal imperialism. Economic control through trade, investment, and debt without colonies.

20. Identify a key motive for economic imperialism in the 19th century.

    Desire for raw materials and new markets. Industrial nations needed inputs and export markets for growth.

21. What was the British East India Company's role in India?

    Economic control and administration of Indian territories. Initially a trading company, it became India's de facto government.

22. What was the impact of the Monroe Doctrine on Latin America?

    Limited European intervention, increased U.S. influence. Reduced European interference while expanding U.S. economic influence.

23. Name a commodity that was central to British trade in China.

    Tea. British demand for tea created massive trade imbalance with China.

24. Which war led to the establishment of British control in Hong Kong?

    First Opium War. British victory secured Hong Kong as permanent trading base.

25. Which African country resisted Italian economic imperialism?

    Ethiopia. Successfully defeated Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa (1896).

26. Which country dominated India economically by 1858?

    Britain. The East India Company gave way to direct British rule in 1858.

27. Which company played a key role in British imperialism in India?

    British East India Company. Private company that governed Indian territories for British interests.

28. What was the primary economic interest of Europeans in Southeast Asia?

    Spices and other tropical products. High-value commodities that justified long-distance trade voyages.

29. Name an industry in which the United States practiced economic imperialism in Hawaii.

    Sugar industry. American planters dominated Hawaiian sugar production and politics.

30. Which industry did Britain dominate in India during the 19th century?

    Textile industry. Cheap Indian cotton was processed in British factories.

31. Which European country colonized Indonesia for its spices?

    The Netherlands. Dutch East India Company controlled the lucrative spice trade.

32. What is meant by 'banana republic'?

    A politically unstable country economically dependent on a single export. Term originated from U.S. companies' dominance in Central America.

33. What was the primary goal of mercantilism in the 19th century?

    To maximize exports and accumulate wealth. Economic theory promoting exports over imports to build national wealth.

34. What was the impact of imperial railways on colonized regions?

    Facilitated resource extraction and movement of goods. Infrastructure primarily served colonial export needs, not local development.

35. What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference (1884-1885)?

    To regulate European colonization and trade in Africa. Established rules to prevent European conflicts over African territory.

36. Identify a canal that significantly reduced travel time between oceans.

    Panama Canal. U.S.-controlled canal revolutionized global shipping and trade routes.

37. Which Asian country was economically dominated by spheres of influence?

    China. Multiple European powers carved out exclusive trading zones.

38. What was the 'Scramble for Africa'?

    Rapid colonization of Africa by European powers in the late 19th century. Driven by competition for resources and strategic positions.

39. Name one Latin American country affected by economic imperialism.

    Guatemala. U.S. fruit companies controlled much of its economy and politics.

40. What is a 'sphere of influence' in the context of imperialism?

    An area where a foreign power has economic and political privileges. Informal control allowing economic exploitation without full colonization.

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