AP US History Quiz
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PERIOD 3: 1754–1800
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A scholar examining federalism contends that the early republic struggled to define the boundary between state and national authority. The scholar points to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions as evidence that some leaders believed states could judge the constitutionality of federal laws. Which statement best characterizes the argument advanced in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798–1799)?
A 98-word secondary-source excerpt is embedded here: The Alien and Sedition Acts did more than punish dissent; they triggered a constitutional debate over who ultimately polices the limits of federal power. In response, Republican leaders drafted resolutions asserting that the Constitution was a compact among states. If the federal government exceeded delegated powers, they argued, states could interpose to protect liberties. Federalists rejected this as a recipe for disunion and insisted that federal courts and elections provided the proper checks. The controversy revealed how unresolved constitutional interpretation remained, even after a decade of governance under the new framework.
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