The Seven Years' War (French-Indian) - AP U.S. History

1. Identify the event that marked the start of the French and Indian War.

   Battle of Fort Necessity. Washington's defeat marked formal beginning of hostilities.

2. What was the significance of the Battle of Quebec (1759)?

   Decisive British victory in North America. Secured British control of Canada and French surrender.

3. What role did George Washington play at the onset of the French and Indian War?

   Led Virginia troops at Fort Necessity. Young officer's first military command ended in surrender.

4. Which British act post-war aimed to raise revenue from the colonies?

   Sugar Act of 1764. First major attempt to tax colonies for revenue.

5. Identify the treaty that ended the Seven Years' War.

   Treaty of Paris (1763). Formally concluded the global Seven Years' War.

6. What was the impact of the Seven Years' War on French colonial ambitions?

   Significantly reduced French territories. Eliminated France as major North American colonial power.

7. What was the North American theater of the Seven Years' War called?

   The French and Indian War. Named for Britain's Native American and French enemies.

8. What effect did the war have on British colonial policy post-1763?

   Increased taxation and regulation. War debt forced new revenue policies toward colonies.

9. Who authored the Albany Plan of Union?

   Benjamin Franklin. Proposed colonial confederation for mutual defense.

10. Which French fortress fell in 1758, marking a turning point in the war?

    Fort Louisbourg. Key French fortress guarding St. Lawrence River approach.

11. What was the primary goal of the Albany Congress (1754)?

    To unify the colonies for defense. Response to French expansion threatening British colonies.

12. Which British tactic helped secure victory in the war?

    Blockade of French ports. Naval superiority prevented French reinforcements and supplies.

13. Which British colony was particularly affected by the war's frontier battles?

    Virginia. Frontier colony experiencing direct French and Native attacks.

14. Which British general died at the Battle of Quebec?

    General James Wolfe. Died heroically leading assault on French stronghold.

15. What was the outcome of the Albany Plan of Union?

    It was rejected by the colonies. Colonies feared losing autonomy to central authority.

16. What years did the Seven Years' War take place?

    1756 - 1763. Global conflict spanning seven years across multiple continents.

17. Which act passed post-war aimed to prevent colonial expansion beyond Appalachians?

    Proclamation of 1763. Reserved western lands for Native Americans, angering colonists.

18. What was Spain's compensation for losing Florida to Britain in the war?

    Gained Louisiana from France. France ceded Louisiana to compensate ally Spain.

19. What year did the French formally surrender Canada to the British?

    1760. Marked effective end of French resistance in North America.

20. Which city was captured by the British in 1760, leading to French surrender in Canada?

    Montreal. Fall of New France's capital secured British victory.

21. Which European country allied with France during the Seven Years' War?

    Spain. Bourbon Family Compact allied Spain with France against Britain.

22. Which French general led forces during the Battle of Quebec?

    General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm. Defended Quebec until death in final battle.

23. What was the primary cause of the Seven Years' War?

    Territorial disputes in North America. Competition over Ohio Valley and western frontier lands.

24. What territory did Britain gain in North America from the Treaty of Paris (1763)?

    Canada and Florida. Britain gained all French territory east of Mississippi plus Spanish Florida.

25. What was the French strategy in the North American theater?

    Defensive, relying on forts and alliances. Limited resources required strategic use of fortifications.

26. Which British military leader was initially defeated at Fort Duquesne?

    General Edward Braddock. Suffered devastating defeat using European tactics against frontier warfare.

27. What was the significance of Fort Frontenac's capture by the British?

    Cut French supply lines. Disrupted French communication between Canada and Louisiana.

28. Which two major European powers were involved in the Seven Years' War?

    Great Britain and France. Primary colonial rivals competing for global dominance.

29. What was the significance of the Plains of Abraham?

    Site of decisive British victory at Quebec. Battlefield where Wolfe and Montcalm both died.

30. Who was the British Prime Minister during much of the Seven Years' War?

    William Pitt the Elder. Led British war effort with aggressive colonial strategy.

31. What was the impact of the Seven Years' War on Britain financially?

    Increased national debt. War costs doubled Britain's national debt significantly.

32. Name the French fortification that was site of initial conflict in 1754.

    Fort Duquesne. Strategic French position controlling Ohio River valley access.

33. What was the primary British naval strategy in the war?

    Blockade of French ports and colonies. Cut French supply lines and isolated colonial forces.

34. Which Native American confederacy allied with the British during the war?

    Iroquois Confederacy. Six Nations provided crucial support against French forces.

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