The Second Great Awakening - AP U.S. History

1. What was the significance of 'revivals' in the Second Great Awakening?

   They were meetings to reawaken religious faith. Used emotional preaching to inspire religious conversion.

2. Identify one way the Second Great Awakening contributed to democracy.

   Expanded religious and social participation. Encouraged broader participation in religious and social life.

3. Identify a key theological focus of the Second Great Awakening.

   Emphasis on personal salvation and moral reform. Rejected predestination in favor of individual choice.

4. Define the 'Burned-over District'.

   A region in New York known for intense religious revivals. So many revivals occurred it seemed 'burned over' spiritually.

5. Identify a movement that opposed the Second Great Awakening.

   The Transcendentalist movement. Emphasized reason and nature over evangelical emotionalism.

6. What was a common theme in Second Great Awakening sermons?

   The need for personal repentance and piety. Emphasized personal moral responsibility and conversion.

7. What was the significance of the Second Great Awakening for African Americans?

   It led to the formation of black churches. Provided autonomy and leadership opportunities in worship.

8. What was a major consequence of the Second Great Awakening for American churches?

   Increased denominations and splinter groups. Led to proliferation of new Protestant sects and movements.

9. Identify a major figure in the abolitionist movement influenced by the Second Great Awakening.

   Frederick Douglass. Religious conversion strengthened his antislavery convictions.

10. Which denomination saw significant growth during the Second Great Awakening?

    Methodism. Emphasized personal salvation and emotional religious experience.

11. Name a prominent female leader influenced by the Second Great Awakening.

    Sojourner Truth. Combined religious conviction with abolitionist activism.

12. How did the Second Great Awakening affect education?

    Promoted the establishment of religious colleges. Believed educated ministers would spread Christian values.

13. What role did the Second Great Awakening play in the women's suffrage movement?

    Inspired women to seek greater rights. Religious activism provided foundation for political rights.

14. What was the 'Temperance Movement'?

    A social movement against alcohol consumption. Connected alcohol to moral degradation and social problems.

15. What was the Second Great Awakening?

    A Protestant religious revival in the early 19th century. Emphasized personal salvation and moral reform from 1790s-1840s.

16. What was the theological stance of the Second Great Awakening on predestination?

    Rejected strict Calvinist predestination. Emphasized free will and personal choice in salvation.

17. What was the purpose of 'anxious benches' in revivals?

    Seats for seekers of salvation during services. Front-row seats for those seeking conversion during revivals.

18. What is the definition of 'millennialism' in the context of the Second Great Awakening?

    Belief in the imminent second coming of Christ. Inspired urgency in religious conversion and social reform.

19. What was the role of women in the Second Great Awakening?

    Active participants and leaders in reform movements. Gained public speaking experience and leadership roles.

20. What was a characteristic of Second Great Awakening religious services?

    Emotional and fervent preaching. Used emotional appeals to inspire religious conversion.

21. What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening on American society?

    Increased religious diversity and social activism. Connected religious revival to social reform movements.

22. Who was Lyman Beecher?

    A prominent Presbyterian minister and revivalist. Father of Harriet Beecher Stowe, promoted moral reform.

23. Which religious movement emerged from the Second Great Awakening?

    The Mormons or Latter-day Saints. Founded by Joseph Smith in New York during the revival period.

24. How did the Second Great Awakening affect the Baptist denomination?

    Significant growth and expansion. Democratic theology appealed to common people and frontier.

25. What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening on the concept of individualism?

    It emphasized personal responsibility in faith. Promoted personal choice in salvation over predestination.

26. What role did camp meetings play in the Second Great Awakening?

    They were large outdoor religious gatherings. Facilitated mass conversions in frontier communities.

27. Who was Charles Grandison Finney?

    A leading evangelist of the Second Great Awakening. Popularized emotional revivals and 'new measures' in preaching.

28. Which social reform movements were influenced by the Second Great Awakening?

    Abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights. Revival emphasized moral improvement and social perfectionism.

29. What was the religious climate in America before the Second Great Awakening?

    Characterized by religious skepticism. Deism and rationalism had weakened traditional Christianity.

30. What was the role of itinerant preachers during the Second Great Awakening?

    Traveling ministers spreading revivalist messages. Brought revival spirit to frontier communities.

31. Identify the relationship between the Second Great Awakening and abolitionism.

    The revival inspired anti-slavery activism. Moral reform emphasis made slavery a religious sin.

32. Identify the relationship between the Second Great Awakening and Utopian communities.

    Inspired formation of communities like the Shakers. Religious perfectionism led to experimental social arrangements.

33. Identify the key region for the Second Great Awakening.

    The Burned-over District in New York. Named for frequent religious revivals that 'burned over' the area.

34. Which religious leader founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church?

    Richard Allen. Established independent black denomination in 1816.

35. What was the role of the American Bible Society during the Second Great Awakening?

    Distributed Bibles to spread Christian teachings. Promoted widespread literacy for religious purposes.

36. Who was Peter Cartwright?

    A Methodist revivalist of the Second Great Awakening. Circuit-riding preacher who spread Methodism on frontier.

37. What is evangelicalism?

    A Protestant movement emphasizing conversion and activism. Central to Second Great Awakening's theology and methods.

38. Who was Joseph Smith?

    Founder of the Mormon Church. Claimed divine revelation and established new religious movement.

39. What was the significance of the Cane Ridge Revival?

    A major camp meeting that sparked widespread revivals. Kentucky 1801 gathering drew thousands and inspired revivals.

40. What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening on Native Americans?

    Led to missionary efforts among tribes. Aimed to convert tribes to Christianity and civilization.

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