The "New South" - AP U.S. History

1. What technological advancement supported the 'New South' economy?

   Expansion of railroads. Rail networks connected Southern producers to national markets.

2. Identify a negative consequence of the 'New South' for African Americans.

   Jim Crow laws. State and local laws mandating racial separation in public spaces.

3. Which demographic predominantly held political power in the 'New South'?

   White Southern elites. Bourbon Democrats restored traditional Southern leadership after Reconstruction.

4. Which group was marginalized under the 'New South' policies?

   African Americans. Faced systematic exclusion from political and economic opportunities.

5. What was the purpose of the Southern Farmers' Alliance?

   Advocate for agricultural interests. Organization promoting farmers' economic and political interests.

6. What was the function of the Jim Crow laws?

   Enforced racial segregation. State laws requiring separation of races in public facilities.

7. Which agricultural product remained dominant in the 'New South'?

   Cotton. Despite diversification efforts, cotton remained the primary crop.

8. What was the main economic focus of the 'New South'?

   Industrialization and diversification of agriculture. Moving away from cotton-only agriculture toward manufacturing.

9. What form of transportation was crucial for 'New South' trade?

   Railroads. Essential for moving goods between Southern cities and markets.

10. What was a common form of labor in the 'New South' agriculture?

    Sharecropping. System where farmers worked land for a share of crops.

11. What was the significance of the term 'Lost Cause'?

    Romanticized view of the Confederate South. Mythology that portrayed the Confederacy as noble and heroic.

12. Identify a factor that limited industrial growth in the 'New South'.

    Lack of capital investment. Northern investors were reluctant to fund Southern development.

13. Which Southern state became a leader in the iron and steel industry?

    Alabama. Birmingham became known as the 'Pittsburgh of the South.'

14. Identify a key proponent of the 'New South' ideology.

    Henry W. Grady. Atlanta Constitution editor who promoted Southern industrialization.

15. Which economic shift characterized the 'New South'?

    From agriculture to industrialization. Transition from purely agricultural to mixed economy.

16. What role did the Southern economy play in the national market?

    Supplier of raw materials. Continued to export agricultural products to Northern manufacturers.

17. What was a primary goal of the 'New South' advocates?

    Modernize the Southern economy. Transform the agricultural South into an industrial region.

18. What was a key goal of the Bourbon Democrats?

    Maintain white supremacy and control. Conservative Democrats sought to preserve racial hierarchy.

19. What was the role of Southern newspapers in the 'New South'?

    Promoted industrial development. Editors like Grady used media to advocate for industrialization.

20. Identify a reform movement that arose in response to the 'New South'.

    Populist movement. Farmers organized to challenge corporate power and economic inequality.

21. What was the impact of the 'New South' on Southern culture?

    Preserved traditional social hierarchies. Industrial growth didn't challenge existing social order.

22. What role did railroads play in the 'New South' economy?

    Facilitated industrial and agricultural growth. Connected rural areas to markets and enabled industrial expansion.

23. What term describes the political leaders of the 'New South' era?

    Bourbon Democrats. Conservative Democrats who regained power after Reconstruction ended.

24. What was the impact of the 'New South' on urbanization?

    Increased urban growth. Industrial development created new Southern cities.

25. Which leader advocated for the 'New South' through journalism?

    Henry W. Grady. Used his newspaper to promote Southern industrial development.

26. Name an economic policy promoted by the 'New South' ideology.

    Diversification of crops. Reducing dependence on single-crop cotton farming.

27. Which social philosophy justified racial segregation in the 'New South'?

    Social Darwinism. Theory that racial hierarchy reflected natural selection.

28. Name a key industry besides textiles in the 'New South'.

    Tobacco. Duke's American Tobacco Company dominated the industry.

29. What was a major social issue that persisted in the 'New South'?

    Racial segregation and disenfranchisement. Civil rights gains were reversed through systematic discrimination.

30. Which industry became significant in the 'New South' economy?

    Textile industry. Cotton mills became major employers in the post-war South.

31. What hindered the economic progress of the 'New South'?

    Economic dependency on Northern investments. Southern capital remained controlled by Northern financiers.

32. What was the purpose of the Atlanta Compromise Speech?

    Promote racial cooperation and economic progress. Booker T. Washington's call for gradual African American advancement.

33. Identify a major challenge faced by the 'New South' economy.

    Labor unrest and strikes. Workers protested low wages and poor conditions in mills.

34. What was a major legal tool used to disenfranchise African Americans?

    Poll taxes and literacy tests. Legal barriers designed to circumvent the 15th Amendment.

35. Name one major city that became an industrial center in the 'New South'.

    Atlanta. Became a railroad hub and symbol of New South prosperity.

36. What event marked the end of Reconstruction and influenced the 'New South'?

    Compromise of 1877. Ended federal protection of African American rights in the South.

37. What was a criticism of the 'New South' economic model?

    Exploited labor and resources. Critics argued it perpetuated poverty and inequality.

38. What impact did the 'New South' have on Southern labor systems?

    Continued reliance on sharecropping. Tenant farming remained the dominant agricultural system.

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