The New Deal - AP U.S. History

1. What was the main focus of the Agricultural Adjustment Act?

   To reduce agricultural surpluses to raise crop prices. Paid farmers to reduce production to combat overproduction issues.

2. What was the purpose of the Social Security Act?

   To provide financial assistance to the elderly and unemployed. Created the first federal social safety net in U.S. history.

3. Who was the President responsible for the New Deal?

   Franklin D. Roosevelt. FDR served as the 32nd President during the Great Depression era.

4. What was the primary goal of the New Deal?

   To provide relief, recovery, and reform. The "Three Rs" strategy addressed immediate needs and long-term stability.

5. Identify the primary goal of the Second New Deal.

   To provide further economic reform and security. Focused on permanent reforms rather than emergency relief measures.

6. Which New Deal program focused on regulating the stock market?

   Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Created to prevent another stock market crash like 1929.

7. Identify the year the New Deal was initiated.

   1933. FDR's first year in office marked the beginning of his economic programs.

8. Which New Deal agency focused on housing and mortgage reforms?

   Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Insured mortgages to increase home ownership opportunities.

9. Which New Deal initiative aimed to regulate utility companies?

   Public Utility Holding Company Act. Broke up utility monopolies to reduce consumer electricity costs.

10. What was the purpose of the Banking Act of 1935?

    To restructure the Federal Reserve system. Strengthened federal control over monetary policy and banking.

11. What was the purpose of the National Labor Relations Board?

    To mediate labor disputes and protect workers' rights. Enforced Wagner Act provisions and investigated labor violations.

12. Identify the New Deal program that targeted rural electrification.

    Rural Electrification Administration (REA). Brought electricity to isolated farming communities nationwide.

13. What was the purpose of the Fair Labor Standards Act?

    To establish minimum wage and working hours. Set 40-hour work week and banned most child labor.

14. Which New Deal program focused on environmental conservation?

    Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). Combined job training with environmental restoration projects.

15. What was the purpose of the Resettlement Administration?

    To relocate struggling urban and rural families. Later became the Farm Security Administration in 1937.

16. What was the purpose of the Wagner Act?

    To protect workers' rights to unionize. Also known as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935.

17. Identify the legislation that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

    Glass-Steagall Act. Established federal insurance for bank deposits up to $2,500.

18. What was the role of the Farm Security Administration?

    To combat rural poverty. Provided loans and assistance to poor farmers and sharecroppers.

19. What was the goal of the Public Works Administration?

    To stimulate the economy through large-scale public works projects. Focused on long-term infrastructure like dams and bridges.

20. What was the purpose of the Civil Works Administration?

    To provide temporary jobs during the winter of 1933-34. Short-term program providing immediate winter employment relief.

21. Identify the New Deal program that focused on arts and culture funding.

    Federal Art Project. Part of WPA, supported artists during economic hardship.

22. Identify the act that aimed to restore public confidence in the banking system.

    Glass-Steagall Act. Separated commercial and investment banking to reduce risk.

23. Which New Deal program aimed at providing jobs through public works?

    Works Progress Administration (WPA). The largest New Deal employment program, creating millions of jobs.

24. What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority?

    To provide flood control and electricity generation. Regional development project serving seven southeastern states.

25. What did the National Industrial Recovery Act aim to achieve?

    To promote industrial growth and recovery. Established industry codes and collective bargaining rights.

26. What was the purpose of the Emergency Banking Relief Act?

    To stabilize the banking system. Roosevelt's first major act closed banks for inspection.

27. What was the primary goal of the Federal Art Project?

    To fund visual arts and employ artists. Created murals, sculptures, and paintings in public buildings.

28. Which New Deal program was declared unconstitutional in 1935?

    National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional in Schechter Poultry case.

29. Identify the act that aimed to modernize rural infrastructure.

    Rural Electrification Act. Provided federal funding for rural electrical infrastructure development.

30. Which New Deal program aimed to help homeowners avoid foreclosure?

    Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC). Refinanced mortgages at lower interest rates for homeowners.

31. What was the purpose of the Indian Reorganization Act?

    To restore tribal governance and land management. Reversed assimilation policies and promoted tribal self-determination.

32. What was the purpose of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration?

    To provide direct relief to the needy. Distributed federal funds to state and local relief agencies.

33. Identify a key criticism of the New Deal.

    It expanded federal government power excessively. Conservative opposition argued it violated constitutional limits.

34. Which program was created to insure bank deposits?

    Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Restored public confidence in the banking system nationwide.

35. Identify the New Deal program that helped restore soil fertility.

    Soil Conservation Service. Addressed Dust Bowl damage through conservation education programs.

36. What was the purpose of the Securities Act of 1933?

    To ensure more transparency in financial statements. Required companies to disclose financial information to investors.

37. Which act established the right to a minimum wage?

    Fair Labor Standards Act. Established the first federal minimum wage at 25 cents per hour.

38. What was the primary purpose of the National Youth Administration?

    To provide work and education for young Americans. Targeted students and young adults with job and education programs.

39. What was the role of the National Recovery Administration?

    To establish codes of fair competition. Part of NIRA, symbolized by the Blue Eagle logo.

40. Identify the New Deal program designed to help young men find work.

    Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). Employed young men in conservation and forestry projects nationwide.

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