The End of the Cold War - AP U.S. History

What was the political ideology that collapsed in Eastern Europe by the late 1980s?

Communism. One-party system collapsed across Eastern Europe by 1989.
What major event in China coincided with the end of the Cold War in 1989?

Tiananmen Square Massacre. Chinese government's violent suppression of pro-democracy protesters.
What was the primary reason for the Soviet Union's withdrawal from Afghanistan?

Military and economic costs. Costly war drained Soviet resources and damaged morale.
What was the name of the Polish trade union that challenged communist rule?

Solidarity. Independent trade union that challenged communist authority in Poland.
Identify the agreement that limited intermediate-range nuclear forces in 1987.

INF Treaty. Eliminated intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe.
What was the primary aim of the START treaty between the U.S. and Soviet Union?

Reduce nuclear arsenals. Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty focused on long-range weapons.
What was the significance of the Malta Summit in 1989?

Declare end of Cold War. Bush and Gorbachev officially declared the Cold War over.
What was the main purpose of the Helsinki Accords signed in 1975?

Improve East-West relations. Established principles for cooperation and human rights.
Which U.S. President succeeded in seeing the end of the Cold War during his term?

George H. W. Bush. Oversaw German reunification and Soviet Union's dissolution.
Which Eastern European country was the first to break away from Soviet influence in 1989?

Poland. Solidarity union led the peaceful transition from communism.
What major event in China coincided with the end of the Cold War in 1989?

Tiananmen Square Massacre. Chinese government's violent suppression of pro-democracy protesters.
Which U.S. President famously demanded, 'Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!'?

Ronald Reagan. Famous 1987 speech at Brandenburg Gate challenging Soviet control.
What was the primary goal of the Strategic Defense Initiative?

Missile defense system. Reagan's plan to intercept incoming nuclear missiles using satellites.
Which term describes the reforms in the Soviet Union aiming at economic restructuring?

Perestroika. Economic reform policy that introduced market mechanisms.
What was the symbolic event that marked the end of the Cold War?

Fall of the Berlin Wall. Represented the end of division between East and West Berlin.
Which Soviet leader's policies contributed to the end of the Cold War?

Mikhail Gorbachev. His glasnost and perestroika reforms weakened Soviet control.
What was the significance of the Sinatra Doctrine introduced by Gorbachev?

Allowed Eastern Bloc autonomy. Let Eastern European nations choose their own path.
Which group of countries experienced a wave of independence movements at the end of the Cold War?

Baltic States. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania declared independence from USSR.
What was the key factor in the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

Economic stagnation. Central planning failures led to economic and political collapse.
What was the primary focus of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)?

Nuclear disarmament. Reduced strategic nuclear weapons between the superpowers.
Identify the term used to describe the easing of tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union.

Détente. French term for relaxation of tensions during the 1970s.
What was the political ideology that collapsed in Eastern Europe by the late 1980s?

Communism. One-party system collapsed across Eastern Europe by 1989.
What was the main outcome of the Reykjavik Summit in 1986?

Progress on arms reduction. Nearly achieved agreement to eliminate all nuclear weapons.
What was the primary focus of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)?

Nuclear disarmament. Reduced strategic nuclear weapons between the superpowers.
What was the primary reason for the Soviet Union's withdrawal from Afghanistan?

Military and economic costs. Costly war drained Soviet resources and damaged morale.
Identify the term used to describe the easing of tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union.

Détente. French term for relaxation of tensions during the 1970s.
Which American President signed the INF Treaty with the Soviet Union in 1987?

Ronald Reagan. Signed the landmark arms control agreement with Gorbachev.
What was the main reason behind the U.S. and Soviet Union arms reduction treaties?

Reduce nuclear threat. Mutual vulnerability made arms control beneficial for both sides.
Identify the agreement that limited intermediate-range nuclear forces in 1987.

INF Treaty. Eliminated intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe.
What was the main outcome of the Reykjavik Summit in 1986?

Progress on arms reduction. Nearly achieved agreement to eliminate all nuclear weapons.
Which U.S. President is most associated with the end of the Cold War?

Ronald Reagan. His military buildup and diplomacy pressured the Soviet Union to reform.
Identify the agreement that intended to reduce strategic offensive arms in 1991.

START I. First major nuclear arms reduction treaty between superpowers.
In which year did the Berlin Wall fall?

1989. Marked the beginning of German reunification and Soviet retreat.
What was the symbolic event that marked the end of the Cold War?

Fall of the Berlin Wall. Represented the end of division between East and West Berlin.
What was the name of the Soviet policy aimed at reducing government censorship?

Glasnost. Policy allowing greater freedom of expression and press.
What was the significance of the Sinatra Doctrine introduced by Gorbachev?

Allowed Eastern Bloc autonomy. Let Eastern European nations choose their own path.
What was the main reason behind the U.S. and Soviet Union arms reduction treaties?

Reduce nuclear threat. Mutual vulnerability made arms control beneficial for both sides.
Identify the event marking the reunification of East and West Germany.

German Reunification. October 3, 1990 unified East and West Germany.
Which U.S. President famously demanded, 'Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!'?

Ronald Reagan. Famous 1987 speech at Brandenburg Gate challenging Soviet control.
What economic condition heavily contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union?

Stagnation. Economic decline made Soviet system unsustainable by 1980s.
Which Soviet leader's policies contributed to the end of the Cold War?

Mikhail Gorbachev. His glasnost and perestroika reforms weakened Soviet control.
What was the primary goal of the Strategic Defense Initiative?

Missile defense system. Reagan's plan to intercept incoming nuclear missiles using satellites.
Which Eastern European country experienced a peaceful revolution in 1989 known as the Velvet Revolution?

Czechoslovakia. Peaceful overthrow of communist government without violence.
What policy did Mikhail Gorbachev introduce to promote openness in the Soviet Union?

Glasnost. Soviet policy meaning 'openness' that allowed public discussion and criticism.
Identify the Soviet policy that sought to introduce market-like reforms.

Perestroika. Restructuring policy that decentralized economic decision-making.
Identify the leader who initiated significant reforms in Poland, leading to independence.

Lech Wałęsa. Solidarity leader who became Poland's first democratic president.
Which group of countries experienced a wave of independence movements at the end of the Cold War?

Baltic States. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania declared independence from USSR.
What was the key factor in the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

Economic stagnation. Central planning failures led to economic and political collapse.
What was the significance of the Malta Summit in 1989?

Declare end of Cold War. Bush and Gorbachev officially declared the Cold War over.
In which year did the Berlin Wall fall?

1989. Marked the beginning of German reunification and Soviet retreat.
What was the economic restructuring policy introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev called?

Perestroika. Soviet policy meaning 'restructuring' that reformed the centralized economy.
Which international organization expanded its influence after the Cold War?

NATO. Former Warsaw Pact nations joined the Western alliance.
What was the name of the Soviet policy aimed at reducing government censorship?

Glasnost. Policy allowing greater freedom of expression and press.
What was the primary aim of the START treaty between the U.S. and Soviet Union?

Reduce nuclear arsenals. Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty focused on long-range weapons.
What was the economic restructuring policy introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev called?

Perestroika. Soviet policy meaning 'restructuring' that reformed the centralized economy.
Which U.S. President succeeded in seeing the end of the Cold War during his term?

George H. W. Bush. Oversaw German reunification and Soviet Union's dissolution.
Which American President signed the INF Treaty with the Soviet Union in 1987?

Ronald Reagan. Signed the landmark arms control agreement with Gorbachev.
What policy did Mikhail Gorbachev introduce to promote openness in the Soviet Union?

Glasnost. Soviet policy meaning 'openness' that allowed public discussion and criticism.
What was the name of the Polish trade union that challenged communist rule?

Solidarity. Independent trade union that challenged communist authority in Poland.
Which leader became the first President of Russia after the Soviet Union's dissolution?

Boris Yeltsin. Led the Russian Federation after the USSR dissolved.
Which U.S. President is most associated with the end of the Cold War?

Ronald Reagan. His military buildup and diplomacy pressured the Soviet Union to reform.
Which Eastern European country experienced a peaceful revolution in 1989 known as the Velvet Revolution?

Czechoslovakia. Peaceful overthrow of communist government without violence.
Identify the agreement that intended to reduce strategic offensive arms in 1991.

START I. First major nuclear arms reduction treaty between superpowers.
Which Eastern European country was the first to break away from Soviet influence in 1989?

Poland. Solidarity union led the peaceful transition from communism.
What was the name of the German reunification process completed in 1990?

German Reunification. Process of combining East and West Germany into one nation.
Which leader became the first President of Russia after the Soviet Union's dissolution?

Boris Yeltsin. Led the Russian Federation after the USSR dissolved.
What year did the Soviet Union officially dissolve?

1991. Final collapse occurred on December 25, 1991.
Which international organization expanded its influence after the Cold War?

NATO. Former Warsaw Pact nations joined the Western alliance.
What term is used for the period of political reforms in Eastern Europe during the 1980s?

Eastern Bloc liberalization. Period when Eastern European countries gained greater autonomy.
What year did the Soviet Union officially dissolve?

1991. Final collapse occurred on December 25, 1991.
Identify the event marking the reunification of East and West Germany.

German Reunification. October 3, 1990 unified East and West Germany.
Which leader's resignation marked the official end of the Soviet Union?

Mikhail Gorbachev. His December 25, 1991 resignation ended the Soviet Union.
What was the main purpose of the Helsinki Accords signed in 1975?

Improve East-West relations. Established principles for cooperation and human rights.
What was the name of the German reunification process completed in 1990?

German Reunification. Process of combining East and West Germany into one nation.
Which leader's resignation marked the official end of the Soviet Union?

Mikhail Gorbachev. His December 25, 1991 resignation ended the Soviet Union.
Identify the leader who initiated significant reforms in Poland, leading to independence.

Lech Wałęsa. Solidarity leader who became Poland's first democratic president.

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