The Civil Rights Movement Expands - AP U.S. History

1. Identify the first African American woman elected to Congress.

   Shirley Chisholm. She broke barriers in 1968 and later ran for president.

2. What was the main goal of the Civil Rights Movement?

   To end racial segregation and discrimination. This was the central objective that unified various civil rights efforts.

3. Which Supreme Court case declared 'separate but equal' unconstitutional?

   Brown v. Board of Education. This 1954 decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and mandated integration.

4. Which Civil Rights leader was assassinated in Memphis in 1968?

   Martin Luther King Jr. His assassination ended the era of nonviolent civil rights leadership.

5. Which group was founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966?

   The Black Panther Party. This radical group promoted Black nationalism and armed self-defense.

6. Which organization did Martin Luther King Jr. help found in 1957?

   The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). This organization coordinated nonviolent protests across the South.

7. Which organization was known for its Freedom Rides in 1961?

   The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). These interstate bus rides tested desegregation laws in the South.

8. What was the primary focus of the 1963 Birmingham Campaign?

   Desegregation and voting rights. This campaign used dramatic protests to force federal intervention.

9. What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

   To eliminate racial discrimination in voting. This law removed literacy tests and other voting barriers in the South.

10. Identify the Civil Rights leader known for his 'By Any Means Necessary' philosophy.

    Malcolm X. He advocated for Black nationalism and was more militant than MLK.

11. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1968 address?

    Housing discrimination. Also known as the Fair Housing Act, it banned housing discrimination.

12. Which historic legislation did President Lyndon Johnson sign on August 6, 1965?

    The Voting Rights Act of 1965. This law eliminated discriminatory voting practices nationwide.

13. What role did the NAACP play in the Civil Rights Movement?

    Legal challenges against segregation. The NAACP used courts to dismantle Jim Crow laws systematically.

14. Which event is associated with 'Bloody Sunday'?

    The Selma to Montgomery marches. Police brutally attacked peaceful marchers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge.

15. Name the 1963 event where MLK gave his 'I Have a Dream' speech.

    The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. This massive demonstration brought 250,000 people to the Lincoln Memorial.

16. Who was the first African American student at the University of Mississippi?

    James Meredith. His enrollment in 1962 required federal marshals to ensure his safety.

17. Which form of protest did the Greensboro Four initiate?

    Sit-ins. Their 1960 lunch counter protest sparked nationwide sit-ins.

18. What was the main goal of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?

    Challenge the all-white Democratic delegation. They sought representation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention.

19. Which amendment abolished poll taxes?

    The 24th Amendment. This removed financial barriers that prevented minorities from voting.

20. What was the significance of the Little Rock Nine?

    First black students integrated at Central High School. They courageously integrated Arkansas schools despite violent opposition.

21. Which Civil Rights leader led the Freedom Rides?

    James Farmer. He organized these 1961 interstate bus protests as CORE director.

22. Which 1960s movement sought to embrace African culture and identity?

    The Black Power Movement. This movement emphasized racial pride and African cultural heritage.

23. What was the purpose of the Freedom Summer campaign in 1964?

    To register African American voters in the South. This SNCC-led initiative brought volunteers to Mississippi for voter drives.

24. What did the Kerner Commission report in 1968 conclude?

    The U.S. was moving toward two societies: black and white. This report highlighted persistent racial segregation in America.

25. Which landmark legislation was signed in 1964 to end segregation?

    The Civil Rights Act of 1964. This law banned discrimination in public accommodations and employment.

26. What was the main focus of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

    Grassroots organizing and voter registration. SNCC emphasized youth activism and community-based organizing.

27. What did the Black Panther Party advocate for?

    Self-defense and community social programs. They combined militant activism with community service programs.

28. Which U.S. President signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

    Lyndon B. Johnson. He championed this legislation as part of his Great Society agenda.

29. Which organization was founded to fight lynching and racial violence?

    The NAACP. Founded in 1909, it became the premier civil rights legal organization.

30. Which organization did Ella Baker help form in 1960?

    The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). She mentored young activists and emphasized grassroots organizing.

31. Name the 1964 project aimed at increasing voter registration in Mississippi.

    Freedom Summer. This SNCC-organized campaign brought national attention to voting rights.

32. What did the 1965 Watts Riots highlight?

    Racial tensions and economic inequality. These riots revealed ongoing poverty and discrimination in urban areas.

33. Which Alabama city was known as the birthplace of the Civil Rights Movement?

    Montgomery. The 1955 bus boycott there launched the modern civil rights era.

34. What was the main strategy of the Civil Rights Movement?

    Nonviolent protest. MLK's philosophy emphasized peaceful resistance to achieve change.

35. What did the 1967 Loving v. Virginia case achieve?

    It legalized interracial marriage. This ruling struck down state bans on interracial marriage.

36. What event is Rosa Parks most famous for?

    Her refusal to give up her bus seat. This 1955 act of defiance sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

37. Which U.S. President signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

    Lyndon B. Johnson. This Fair Housing Act expanded civil rights protections further.

38. Identify the leader who delivered the 'I Have a Dream' speech.

    Martin Luther King Jr. He delivered this iconic speech at the March on Washington in 1963.

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