Sectional Conflict: Regional Differences - AP U.S. History

Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?

The 13th Amendment. Constitutionally ended slavery throughout United States.
What did the term 'Border States' refer to during the Civil War?

Slave states that did not secede from the Union. Remained loyal despite permitting slavery.
Which 1820 agreement maintained the balance between free and slave states?

The Missouri Compromise. Balanced free and slave state admissions.
What was the primary economic base of the Southern states before the Civil War?

Agriculture, particularly cotton and slave labor. Cotton was king, requiring enslaved labor for profitable cultivation.
What was the main platform of the Republican Party when it was formed in the 1850s?

Opposition to the expansion of slavery. Founded specifically to prevent slavery's westward spread.
What was the primary focus of Southern 'fire-eaters'?

Promoting secession and the expansion of slavery. Radical Southern politicians advocating immediate secession.
What was the Confederate capital during the Civil War?

Richmond, Virginia. Confederate government seat throughout the war.
Which 1850 law required citizens to assist in the recovery of fugitive slaves?

The Fugitive Slave Act. Required all citizens to help capture runaway slaves.
Identify the Supreme Court case that ruled African Americans were not U.S. citizens.

Dred Scott v. Sandford. Denied citizenship and federal power over slavery.
What was the significance of the Election of 1860?

Abraham Lincoln's victory prompted Southern secession. Republican victory triggered secession crisis immediately.
Which violent event is known as 'Bleeding Kansas'?

Conflict over slavery in Kansas following its organization as a territory. Pro- and anti-slavery settlers fought for control.
Which region of the United States was most industrialized by the 1850s?

The Northeast. Factories and urban centers concentrated there.
Identify the Senator who crafted the Compromise of 1850.

Henry Clay. The Great Compromiser's last sectional deal.
Who was the President of the Confederate States of America?

Jefferson Davis. Former Senator led Confederate government.
Which Union general led the March to the Sea in 1864?

William Tecumseh Sherman. Destructive campaign through Georgia to sea.
Identify the primary economic activity in the Northern states during the 19th century.

Industry and manufacturing. Wage labor and factories dominated Northern economy.
What battle is considered the turning point of the Civil War?

The Battle of Gettysburg. Three-day battle ended Confederate offensive capability.
Which state was the first to secede from the Union?

South Carolina. Seceded after Lincoln's election in December 1860.
Which abolitionist led a raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859?

John Brown. Radical abolitionist seeking violent slave rebellion.
Which invention by Eli Whitney increased the demand for slave labor?

The cotton gin. Made cotton processing faster, increasing plantation labor needs.
What was the primary reason for the Southern states' secession?

Preservation of slavery. Protecting slavery from Republican anti-expansion policies.
Which legislative act admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state?

The Missouri Compromise. Maintained sectional balance with 36°30' line limit.
What term describes the belief that states could invalidate federal laws they deemed unconstitutional?

Nullification. States' rights doctrine challenging federal authority.
Which legislation repealed the Missouri Compromise?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act. Overturned 36°30' slavery restriction line.
What was the primary purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?

To free slaves in Confederate-held territories. War measure targeting Confederate labor system.
What was the main goal of the American Colonization Society?

To relocate free African Americans to Africa. Believed removal would solve racial tensions in America.
What was the primary objective of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

To allow popular sovereignty to decide on slavery. Let territorial residents vote on slavery status.
Which 1863 event gave Union forces control of the Mississippi River?

The Siege of Vicksburg. Split Confederacy and secured vital river transport.
Who delivered the 'House Divided' speech in 1858?

Abraham Lincoln. Warning that nation couldn't remain half-slave, half-free.
What was the primary economic base of the Western territories in the mid-19th century?

Mining and agriculture. Gold Rush and farming drove territorial development.
Identify the term used for Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War.

Copperheads. Peace Democrats opposing war against South.
What was John Brown's primary objective at Harpers Ferry?

To initiate an armed slave revolt. Hoped to spark widespread Southern slave uprising.
Which political party dissolved over the issue of slavery in the 1850s?

The Whig Party. Sectional tensions over slavery split the party.
Which 19th-century ideology justified American territorial expansion westward?

Manifest Destiny. Belief in America's divine mission to expand westward.
What did the Wilmot Proviso propose?

To ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico. Would have banned slavery in Mexican Cession.
What term describes Northerners who opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories?

Free-Soilers. Opposed slavery extension but not abolition in existing states.
What was the outcome of the Lincoln-Douglas debates for Lincoln?

Increased national prominence. Debates showcased Lincoln's anti-slavery expansion stance.
Identify the compromise that aimed to resolve the slavery issue in territories acquired from Mexico.

The Compromise of 1850. Clay's final attempt to preserve Union unity.
Who authored the influential anti-slavery novel 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'?

Harriet Beecher Stowe. Novel depicted slavery's horrors, galvanizing abolitionists.
What event marked the beginning of the Civil War?

The attack on Fort Sumter. Confederates fired first shots on federal fort.

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