Rise of Political Parties: Jefferson Era - AP U.S. History
- What is judicial review?
- The Supreme Court's power to declare laws unconstitutional. Key check on legislative and executive branch power.
- What was a significant effect of the Embargo Act of 1807?
- Economic hardship in the United States. Backfired by hurting American merchants more than Britain.
- Which battle made Andrew Jackson a national hero during the War of 1812?
- The Battle of New Orleans. Victory occurred after peace treaty was already signed.
- Identify one key policy that distinguished the Jeffersonian Republicans.
- Advocated for states' rights and agrarianism. Opposed Hamilton's centralized federal power and urban focus.
- What was the purpose of the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809?
- Lifted all embargoes except for Britain and France. Replaced failed Embargo Act with selective restrictions.
- What was one consequence of the War of 1812?
- Increased American nationalism. War fostered American pride and identity.
- Which document asserted the principle of nullification in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts?
- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. Jefferson and Madison's response to Federalist repression.
- Who succeeded Thomas Jefferson as President of the United States?
- James Madison. Jefferson's chosen successor and close political ally.
- What was the primary reason for the decline of the Federalist Party?
- Opposition to the War of 1812 and regionalism. Appeared unpatriotic for opposing popular war effort.
- Which president is associated with the Louisiana Purchase?
- Thomas Jefferson. Doubled the nation's size through diplomatic purchase.
- What was the primary political ideology of the Federalist Party?
- Strong central government and commercial economy. Favored Hamilton's financial plan and manufacturing interests.
- What was the result of the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair?
- Increased tensions leading to the War of 1812. Escalated maritime disputes toward eventual warfare.
- Which Constitutional amendment was a result of the Election of 1800?
- The 12th Amendment. Required separate votes for President and Vice President.
- Which event marked the end of the Federalist Party's influence?
- The Hartford Convention. Exposed party's regional and unpatriotic character.
- What did the Judiciary Act of 1801 accomplish?
- Expanded federal judiciary and created new judgeships. Adams packed courts before leaving office to Jefferson.
- Identify the economic system that benefited from the Louisiana Purchase.
- Agrarian economy. Provided vast farmland for westward agricultural expansion.
- Which event led to the Embargo Act of 1807?
- British impressment of American sailors. Response to British forcing Americans into naval service.
- Identify the cause of the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair.
- British attack on an American naval vessel. HMS Leopard fired on USS Chesapeake in 1807.
- What was the purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts?
- Suppress dissent and limit immigrant influence. Federalist response to French Revolutionary War tensions.
- Who was the famous Native American guide for Lewis and Clark?
- Sacagawea. Shoshone woman who aided western exploration efforts.
- Who was the leader of the Federalist Party?
- Alexander Hamilton. Leading Federalist and first Secretary of Treasury.
- Identify a key factor that led to the rise of political parties in the U.S.
- Differing views on federal government power. Hamilton vs. Jefferson dispute over federal authority scope.
- What was the result of the Treaty of Ghent?
- Ended the War of 1812. Restored pre-war boundaries without territorial changes.
- What was the primary goal of the Democratic-Republican Party?
- Promote an agrarian society and limit federal power. Opposed Federalist support for commerce and strong government.
- Identify the main cause of the War of 1812.
- British interference with American shipping. Violated American neutral rights on the seas.
- Which act was passed to prevent all trade with foreign nations?
- Embargo Act of 1807. Total trade ban that backfired economically.
- Who was the Vice President involved in a famous duel with Alexander Hamilton?
- Aaron Burr. Killed Hamilton in 1804 duel over political disputes.
- What was the main achievement of the Adams-Onís Treaty?
- Spain ceded Florida to the United States. Resolved territorial disputes and gained strategic territory.
- What was the significance of the Barbary Wars?
- First U.S. military engagements in North Africa. Jefferson fought North African pirates demanding tribute.
- Who were the War Hawks?
- Congress members advocating for war against Britain. Young Republican congressmen eager to fight Britain.
- Who was the principal leader of the Democratic-Republican Party?
- Thomas Jefferson. Founded the party opposing Hamilton's Federalist policies.
- Who was the Chief Justice that established judicial review in Marbury v. Madison?
- John Marshall. Established precedent for judicial review of executive actions.
- What was the impact of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
- Asserted states' rights to nullify federal laws. Established doctrine allowing states to resist federal laws.
- What was Jefferson's vision for the future of America?
- A nation of independent yeoman farmers. Envisioned democratic republic of small farmers.
- What is the significance of the Hartford Convention?
- Federalist Party's opposition to the War of 1812. Revealed party's unpatriotic image during wartime crisis.
- What did the Missouri Compromise aim to resolve?
- The balance of power between free and slave states. Maintained sectional peace over slavery expansion westward.
- What was the main objective of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
- Explore and map the Louisiana Territory. Documented geography and resources of western expansion.
- What was the significance of the Election of 1800?
- First peaceful transfer of power between parties. Demonstrated democracy's stability through orderly power transition.