Jackson and Federal Power - AP U.S. History
- What was a major effect of Jackson's presidency on the Democratic Party?
- It solidified its identity as a party for the common man. Jackson's populism became the party's defining characteristic.
- What was the significance of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
- It authorized relocation of Native tribes to west of the Mississippi. This forced removal policy led to the Trail of Tears.
- Define the Nullification Crisis.
- A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government over tariffs. South Carolina attempted to nullify federal tariff laws.
- Which U.S. President enacted the Spoils System?
- Andrew Jackson. Jackson used this system to reward political supporters with jobs.
- Identify the act Jackson used to justify forcibly removing Native Americans.
- The Indian Removal Act of 1830. Jackson used this law to justify the Trail of Tears.
- Which principle did the Nullification Crisis challenge?
- Federal supremacy over states. South Carolina claimed states could nullify federal laws.
- Which act led to the Trail of Tears?
- The Indian Removal Act of 1830. This law authorized the forced relocation of Native Americans.
- What was the outcome of Worcester v. Georgia (1832)?
- The Supreme Court ruled that Georgia laws did not apply in Cherokee territory. This ruling affirmed Cherokee sovereignty, though Jackson ignored it.
- What precedent did Jackson set with his use of vetoes?
- Using the veto for policy disagreements. Previous presidents only vetoed unconstitutional laws.
- What was the purpose of Jackson's Specie Circular?
- To require payment for government land in gold and silver. This policy required hard currency for land purchases only.
- Which action did Jackson take against the Second Bank of the U.S.?
- He removed federal deposits and placed them in 'pet banks.'. Jackson moved federal money to state banks he favored.
- Identify the main political opponent of Andrew Jackson in the Bank War.
- Nicholas Biddle, President of the Second Bank of the U.S. Biddle led the bank that Jackson opposed during the Bank War.
- Which act did Jackson use to enforce federal law during the Nullification Crisis?
- The Force Bill. This law authorized military enforcement of federal tariffs.
- What was Jackson's response to the Nullification Crisis?
- He issued the Nullification Proclamation and threatened military force. Jackson asserted federal supremacy over state nullification attempts.
- What was Jackson's policy towards Native American lands?
- He supported removal to open lands for white settlers. Jackson prioritized white expansion over Native rights.
- What was a key feature of Jacksonian Democracy?
- Increased participation of the common man in politics. This era expanded voting rights and democratic participation.
- What power did Andrew Jackson expand as President?
- Presidential veto power. Jackson used vetoes more than all previous presidents combined.
- What was Jackson's view on paper currency?
- He distrusted it and preferred hard currency. Jackson believed only gold and silver were reliable currency.
- What did the Maysville Road veto demonstrate?
- Jackson's opposition to using federal funds for state projects. Jackson opposed federal funding for state infrastructure projects.
- Which treaty did Jackson negotiate with the Cherokee in 1835?
- The Treaty of New Echota. This controversial treaty led to Cherokee removal westward.
- Identify the legislation that resolved the Nullification Crisis.
- The Compromise Tariff of 1833. This compromise gradually reduced tariff rates over time.
- What was Jackson's approach to the Spoils System?
- He implemented it to reward political supporters. Jackson replaced federal employees with loyal Democratic supporters.
- What effect did the Specie Circular have on the economy?
- It contributed to the Panic of 1837. The hard currency requirement caused economic instability.
- Identify the year Andrew Jackson was elected President.
- 1828. Jackson defeated John Quincy Adams in this election.
- What did the Force Bill authorize?
- It authorized Jackson to use military force to enforce federal tariffs. This gave Jackson power to collect tariffs by force if necessary.
- What was Andrew Jackson's stance on the National Bank?
- He opposed it and vetoed its recharter. Jackson viewed the bank as corrupt and unconstitutional.
- Which Native American tribe was forcibly relocated during the Trail of Tears?
- The Cherokee Nation. The Cherokee were the largest tribe affected by removal.
- Which constitutional principle was challenged in Worcester v. Georgia?
- State sovereignty versus federal authority. The case tested whether states could override federal authority.
- What was the key issue in the Nullification Crisis?
- The tariff of abominations. High protective tariffs angered the agricultural South.
- Which political party opposed Jackson's policies in the 1830s?
- The Whig Party. Whigs formed to oppose Jackson's expansion of executive power.
- What was the basis of Jackson's argument against the National Bank?
- He claimed it concentrated power among the wealthy elite. Jackson argued the bank gave unfair advantages to the rich.
- What was Jackson's view on federal funding for internal improvements?
- He opposed it, favoring state responsibility. Jackson believed states should fund their own projects.
- Who succeeded Andrew Jackson as President?
- Martin Van Buren. Van Buren inherited Jackson's political and economic problems.
- What was the result of Jackson's Bank War?
- The Second Bank's charter was not renewed. Jackson successfully destroyed the national banking system.