Continuity and Change in Period 8 - AP U.S. History

1. Identify the main purpose of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.

   Combat poverty through education and employment programs. Created Job Corps, VISTA, and other anti-poverty initiatives.

2. Identify the main purpose of the War Powers Act of 1973.

   Limit the president's power to deploy military forces without Congressional approval. Response to Vietnam War concerns about executive war powers.

3. What was the significance of the Stonewall Riots?

   Catalyst for the LGBTQ rights movement. Police raid sparked organized resistance to anti-LGBTQ discrimination.

4. Identify the purpose of the Fair Housing Act of 1968.

   Prohibit discrimination in housing based on race, religion, or national origin. Extended civil rights protections to housing market nationwide.

5. Which economic theory influenced the Reagan administration's policies?

   Supply-side economics. Tax cuts to stimulate investment and economic growth.

6. What was the primary goal of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established in 1970?

   Protect human health and the environment. Federal agency to enforce environmental regulations nationwide.

7. What was the primary goal of the National Organization for Women (NOW)?

   Advocate for women's rights and equality. Founded in 1966 to advance women's legal and social equality.

8. Which treaty aimed to limit nuclear arms between the U.S. and USSR?

   Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I). First major arms control agreement of the Cold War era.

9. What was the impact of the Baby Boom generation?

   Increased demand for housing, education, and consumer goods. Post-war population surge drove suburban growth and consumerism.

10. Which legislation sought to address environmental pollution in the 1970s?

    Clean Air Act of 1970. Set national air quality standards and emissions regulations.

11. Identify the significance of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

    Allowed expansion of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Congressional authorization for military action in Vietnam.

12. What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

    Declared racial segregation in schools unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson's 'separate but equal' doctrine.

13. Which event symbolized the end of the Cold War?

    Fall of the Berlin Wall. Physical and symbolic end of Cold War division in 1989.

14. What was the significance of the Iran-Contra affair?

    Revealed illegal arms sales and funding of Contra rebels. Reagan administration scandal involving secret arms deals.

15. What was the primary purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990?

    Prohibit discrimination based on disability. Ensured equal access and reasonable accommodations for disabled Americans.

16. Which U.S. foreign policy doctrine emphasized human rights?

    Jimmy Carter's foreign policy. Emphasized moral diplomacy and international human rights advocacy.

17. What was the primary goal of the Marshall Plan?

    Economic recovery of Europe post-WWII. Helped rebuild war-torn Western Europe and contain Soviet influence.

18. What was the significance of the Watergate scandal?

    Led to President Nixon's resignation. Political scandal involving illegal surveillance and cover-up.

19. What was the main objective of the Camp David Accords?

    Establish peace between Egypt and Israel. Carter mediated historic Middle East peace agreement in 1978.

20. What was the significance of the 1969 Moon landing?

    Demonstrated U.S. technological superiority in the Space Race. Fulfilled Kennedy's goal and proved American space capabilities.

21. What was the significance of the Tet Offensive?

    Major turning point in public opinion against the Vietnam War. 1968 communist offensive exposed military optimism as false.

22. What was the impact of the OPEC oil embargo of 1973?

    Caused a global energy crisis and economic recession. Arab oil producers retaliated against U.S. support for Israel.

23. Which event marked the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement?

    Montgomery Bus Boycott. Rosa Parks' arrest sparked organized resistance to segregation.

24. Which movement sought to assert Native American rights in the 1960s and 1970s?

    American Indian Movement (AIM). Militant activism for tribal sovereignty and cultural preservation.

25. Identify the main purpose of the GI Bill.

    Provide benefits to WWII veterans. Offered education, housing, and job training to returning servicemen.

26. What was the significance of the 26th Amendment?

    Lowered the voting age to 18. Extended voting rights to young adults affected by Vietnam draft.

27. Which legislation aimed to promote gender equality in education?

    Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Prohibited sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.

28. What was the primary objective of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

    Prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Landmark federal law ending legal segregation in public places.

29. What was the primary cause of the stagflation in the 1970s?

    Combination of inflation and stagnant economic growth. Oil crisis and declining productivity created economic downturn.

30. What was the main goal of the New Federalism policy?

    Shift power from the federal government to states. Nixon and Reagan policy to decentralize federal authority.

31. Identify the significance of the Roe v. Wade decision.

    Legalized abortion nationwide. Established constitutional right to privacy in reproductive decisions.

32. What was the primary purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

    Eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans. Removed literacy tests and other discriminatory voting practices.

33. What was the main focus of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society programs?

    Eliminate poverty and racial injustice. Ambitious domestic agenda expanding federal social programs.

34. Which president initiated the policy of détente with the Soviet Union?

    Richard Nixon. Reduced Cold War tensions through diplomatic engagement.

35. What was the main focus of the Truman Doctrine?

    Containment of Soviet communism. Policy to support free nations resisting communist pressure.

36. Identify the effect of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.

    Abolished national origins quotas. Opened immigration to non-European countries and families.

37. Which Supreme Court case established the principle of "one person, one vote"?

    Reynolds v. Sims. Required equal population in legislative districts for fair representation.

38. Identify the main aim of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).

    Develop missile defense systems to protect the U.S. Reagan's 'Star Wars' program to intercept nuclear missiles.

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