Contextualizing Period 6 - AP U.S. History
- Who was the steel industry magnate known for his philanthropy?
- Andrew Carnegie. Built vertical integration empire and donated wealth.
- What was the main goal of the Knights of Labor?
- Advocate for labor rights and social reforms. Included unskilled workers and promoted broad social change.
- Which act aimed to assimilate Native Americans through land allotment?
- Dawes Act. Broke up tribal lands to encourage individual farming.
- What act prohibited Chinese labor immigration in 1882?
- Chinese Exclusion Act. First law to restrict immigration based on race and nationality.
- What was the main focus of the Granger Movement?
- Regulate railway and grain elevator rates. Farmers organized to combat railroad monopoly pricing.
- What was the primary goal of the Farmers' Alliance?
- Advance agricultural interests. Cooperative organization addressing rural economic challenges.
- What was the main cause of the Pullman Strike of 1894?
- Wage cuts and high rent in company town. Economic hardship led to nationwide railroad strike.
- What was the primary effect of the McKinley Tariff of 1890?
- Increased duties on imported goods. Protected domestic industries through high import taxes.
- What was the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887?
- Regulate railroad rates and practices. First federal law to regulate private industry.
- What was the primary aim of the Dawes Act of 1887?
- Assimilate Native Americans into American culture. Divided tribal lands into individual plots for farming.
- Which political leader was known for the 'Cross of Gold' speech?
- William Jennings Bryan. Advocated free silver coinage against gold standard.
- Identify the legislation that aimed to break up monopolies.
- Sherman Antitrust Act. First major federal antitrust legislation in 1890.
- What was the central issue of the Homestead Strike of 1892?
- Labor dispute over wage cuts. Carnegie Steel Company conflict over union recognition.
- Identify the author of 'How the Other Half Lives'.
- Jacob Riis. Exposed urban poverty through photography and journalism.
- What major labor event occurred at the Homestead Steel Works?
- Homestead Strike. Violent confrontation between workers and private security.
- Which law established the Civil Service Commission?
- Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. Reformed federal hiring from patronage to merit-based system.
- Identify the landmark Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation.
- Plessy v. Ferguson. Established 'separate but equal' doctrine in 1896.
- What was the primary cause of the Haymarket Riot of 1886?
- Labor protest rally turned violent. Police bombing during labor demonstration sparked anti-union sentiment.
- Which amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the U.S.?
- 14th Amendment. Established birthright citizenship and equal protection.
- Identify the labor union founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886.
- American Federation of Labor (AFL). Focused on skilled workers and practical economic gains.
- Identify the economic policy known as 'bimetallism'.
- Use of both gold and silver as currency. Two-metal monetary standard to increase money supply.
- Identify the economic downturn that began in 1893.
- Panic of 1893. Severe economic depression triggered by bank failures.
- Who was the leading figure of the American steel industry?
- Andrew Carnegie. Dominated steel production through vertical integration.
- What was the central theme of the Social Gospel movement?
- Apply Christian ethics to social problems. Applied religious principles to address industrial inequalities.
- What was the primary focus of the New South movement?
- Industrialization of the Southern economy. Post-Civil War effort to modernize and diversify the Southern economy.
- What was the goal of the Temperance Movement?
- Prohibit alcohol consumption. Social reform movement linking alcohol to societal problems.
- Which innovation did Alexander Graham Bell patent in 1876?
- Telephone. Revolutionary communication device connecting distant locations.
- Who was the founder of Hull House in Chicago?
- Jane Addams. Pioneer of the settlement house movement for urban poor.
- Who led the American Railway Union during the Pullman Strike?
- Eugene V. Debs. Socialist leader who opposed federal intervention in labor disputes.
- Which economic policy aimed to increase the money supply by introducing silver?
- Free Silver Movement. Aimed to inflate currency and help farmers with debts.
- What was the main goal of the Populist Party?
- Advocate for farmers and laborers. Promoted economic and political reforms for rural Americans.
- What was the main objective of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act?
- Increase silver coinage. Required government purchase of silver for monetary expansion.
- Identify the economic theory advocating minimal government interference.
- Laissez-faire. French for 'let do' - free market without regulation.
- Who coined the term 'Gilded Age' for this period?
- Mark Twain. Satirized the era's wealth disparity and corruption.
- Who was the oil industry magnate of the Gilded Age?
- John D. Rockefeller. Built Standard Oil monopoly through horizontal integration.
- Identify the author of 'The Souls of Black Folk'.
- W.E.B. Du Bois. Promoted intellectual development and civil rights activism.